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Giải SGK, SBT Unit 8. Cities Friends Global

Giải SGK, SBT Unit 8 Friends Global

101 câu hỏi
Tự luận
Câu 6 :

RECYCLE! The passive

1 We form the passive with the verb be and the past participle of the verb.

This cruise ship was built ten years ago by Hyundai.

2 We use a passive infinitive after certain verbs. We use a passive base form (infinitive without to) after modal verbs.

The passengers needed to be rescued by the emergency services.

All passports must be shown at the departure gate.

3 When we want to say who or what performed the action in a passive sentence, we use by.

(RECYCLE! Bị động

1 Chúng ta tạo thành thể bị động với động từ be và quá khứ phân từ của động từ.

Chiếc du thuyền này được đóng cách đây 10 năm bởi Hyundai.

2. Chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên thể bị động sau một số động từ. Chúng ta sử dụng thể bị động (nguyên thể không có to) sau các động từ khuyết thiếu.

Các hành khách cần được giải cứu bởi các dịch vụ khẩn cấp.

Tất cả hộ chiếu phải được xuất trình tại cổng khởi hành.

3 Khi chúng ta muốn nói ai hoặc cái gì đã thực hiện hành động trong câu bị động, chúng ta dùng by.)

6 Read the Recycle! box. Complete the questions using the passive and the verb in the brackets.

(Đọc khung Recycle! Hoàn thành các câu hỏi sử dụng bị động và động từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Where __________ Wat Arun __________? (locate)

2 Why __________ Wat Arun __________the 'Temple of Dawn'? (call)

3 What __________ in bread to make difference to banh mi? (can/fill)

4 Why __________ vegetables __________ to banh mi? (add)

5 When __________ the buses __________with passengers? (pack)

6 Which opportunities __________ to the man's family? (can/offer)

Câu 25 :

LEARN THIS! Participle and infinitive clauses

a We use participle or infinitive clauses to give more information about a noun. You can think of them as shortened relative clauses.

b Participle clauses can begin with a present participle (-ing form). The participle replaces an active verb of any tense, including stative verbs.

I saw a man wearing (= who was wearing) a space suit.

c Participle clauses can also begin with a past participle. The participle replaces a passive verb of any tense.

We lived in a large house, built (=which had been built) in the 17th century.

d Infinitive clauses begin with an infinitive which replaces an active or passive verb.

Mark became the first teenage runner to finish (= who finished) the city marathon.

I still have a few jobs to do (= that have to be done) this afternoon.

(LEARN THIS! Mệnh đề phân từ và nguyên thể

a Chúng ta sử dụng mệnh đề phân từ hoặc nguyên mẫu để cung cấp thêm thông tin về danh từ. Bạn có thể coi chúng như mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.

b Mệnh đề phân từ có thể bắt đầu bằng hiện tại phân từ (dạng -ing). Phân từ thay thế động từ chủ động ở bất kỳ thì nào, kể cả động từ trạng thái.

Tôi thấy một người đàn ông mặc (= người đang mặc) một bộ đồ không gian.

c Mệnh đề phân từ cũng có thể bắt đầu bằng quá khứ phân từ. Phân từ thay thế động từ bị động ở bất kỳ thì nào.

Chúng tôi sống trong một ngôi nhà lớn, được xây dựng (=đã được xây dựng) vào thế kỷ 17.

d Mệnh đề nguyên mẫu bắt đầu bằng một động từ nguyên thể thay thế cho động từ chủ động hoặc bị động.

Mark trở thành vận động viên thiếu niên đầu tiên hoàn thành (= người đã hoàn thành) cuộc thi marathon thành phố.

Tôi vẫn còn một vài công việc phải làm (= phải hoàn thành) chiều nay.)

 

2 Read Part 1 of the article. What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses.

(Đọc Phần 1 của bài viết. Điều gì đã xảy ra với con tàu vũ trụ? Viết lại các mệnh đề phân từ hoặc nguyên thể được gạch chân dưới dạng mệnh đề quan hệ.)

... which was launched from Florida on 11 April 1970.

(được phóng từ Florida vào ngày 11 tháng 4 năm 1970.)

PART 1

Apollo 13, launched from Florida on 11 April 1970, was the third Apollo mission to land on the moon. The three astronauts chosen for the mission were James Lovell, Fred Haise and John Swigert. The launch, watched by millions on TV, went smoothly and for the first two days in space, everything went well. The

crew gave a 49-minute TV interview explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity. However, nine minutes after the interview finished, a tank containing oxygen exploded and John Swigert, noticing a red warning light, said the famous words: 'Houston, we've had a problem here. They checked all their equipment and realised that they were running out of water, power and oxygen-hard and fast. They were in a damaged spaceship floating 320,000 kilometres from Earth.

Câu 31 :

LEARN THIS! Verb patterns

a Some verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb.

Do you want to go out? / She hopes to be a teacher.

b Some verbs are followed by the -ing form of another verb.

She always avoids paying.

I spend a lot of time texting.

c Some verbs are followed by either an infinitive or an -ing form without any change in meaning.

d Some verbs change their meaning depending on whether they are followed by an -ing form or an infinitive.

I didn't remember speaking to Jo. (I forgot that I had spoken to her.)

I didn't remember to speak to Jo. (I didn't speak to her.)

e The verbs let and make are followed by an infinitive without to.

She let me drive.

I made her laugh.

(LEARN THIS! Dạng động từ

a Một số động từ được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu của một động từ khác.

Bạn có muốn ra ngoài không? / Cô ấy hy vọng được làm giáo viên.

b Một số động từ được theo sau bởi dạng -ing của một động từ khác.

Cô ấy luôn trốn tránh việc trả tiền.

Tôi dành rất nhiều thời gian để nhắn tin.

c Một số động từ được theo sau bởi dạng nguyên thể hoặc dạng -ing mà không thay đổi nghĩa.

d Một số động từ thay đổi ý nghĩa của chúng tùy thuộc vào việc chúng được theo sau bởi dạng -ing hay một động từ nguyên mẫu.

Tôi không nhớ đã nói chuyện với Jo. (Tôi quên rằng tôi đã nói chuyện với cô ấy.)

Tôi không nhớ đã nói chuyện với Jo. (Tôi đã không nói chuyện với cô ấy.)

e Các động từ let và make được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên thể không có to.

Cô để tôi lái xe.

Tôi làm cô ấy cười.)

3 Read the Learn this! box. Then look at the highlighted verbs in the text above. Which verb pattern (a-e) does not have an example in the text?

(Đọc khung LEARN THIS! Sau đó nhìn vào các động từ được đánh dấu trong văn bản trên. Dạng động từ nào (a-e) không có ví dụ trong văn bản?)

Câu 37 :

2 Look at the pictures and match them with the ideas below Look at the title of the text. Which of the ideas of future cities do you think are mentioned in the text?

(Nhìn vào những bức tranh và nối chúng với những ý tưởng bên dưới Nhìn vào tiêu đề của văn bản. Bạn nghĩ ý tưởng nào về các thành phố trong tương lai được đề cập trong văn bản?)

- Sky cities will be built with solar-run buildings.

- Internet will control every human activity.

- People will work in mobile offices.

- Underground trips will become safer and faster than ever.

Go Autonomous - GO GREEN

Since the birth of the car in 1886, transport in big cities has changed a lot. And it is no wonder that many experts think that there will be extraordinary changes in the next few decades.

As technology develops, highways, skylines, subways will be all transformed. Smarter sroadways and highways in cities outfitted with loT sensors will process all kinds of data in real time and alert users of the best transport options. Weather, crashes, traffic conditions will be communicated to users and smart stops will be found everywhere providing renewable energy, green hydrogen or even greener energy, ensuring efficiency and safety on every highway. Tunnels will also be a smart choice 10 because of the reduction of traffic congestion. Underground roads will be built in 3D with a lift system which will take vehicles deep underground and will allow traffic to attain the greatest speed without intersections.

There will also be innovations in the sky. Air taxis are not a new idea, but in the future they will be completely environment-friendly. Aviation gasoline will be no longer used. Green energy will be in place and cost-effective air taxis will enable people to travel from one busy urban city to another in record time.

New technologies such as Al and the rollout of 5G will pave the way for fully autonomous innovation. Cars will not be the only thing to go autonomous. Freight trucks, cargo vehicles, air taxis will all benefit from this technology and that is why 20 the term 'driver' will become extinct.

Transport will go green. Electric or hydrogen power will be mainstream. There will still be issues to solve such as safety, speed and cost, and of course governments will need to make new traffic laws.

Câu 45 :

Speaking Strategy

Use your preparation time to read the task carefully. Make sure that you understand each of the points that you need to discuss. If you have time, think of two or three key pieces of information or vocabulary connected with each topic.

(Chiến lược nói

Sử dụng thời gian chuẩn bị của bạn để đọc nhiệm vụ một cách cẩn thận. Hãy chắc chắn rằng bạn hiểu từng mục mà bạn cần thảo luận. Nếu bạn có thời gian, hãy nghĩ về hai hoặc ba thông tin hoặc từ vựng chính liên quan đến mỗi chủ đề.)

2 Read the Speaking Strategy. Then read the task below. Match the following (1-8) with the four points in the task. Use them to discuss with a friend.

(Đọc Chiến lược nói. Sau đó đọc nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Ghép phần sau (1-8) với bốn mục trong nhiệm vụ. Sử dụng chúng để thảo luận với một người bạn.)

1 a job: công việc

2 a month of the year: một tháng trong năm

3 a popular tourist area: khu du lịch nổi tiếng

4 buses and trains: xe buýt và xe lửa

5 a week/a fortnight: một tuần / hai tuần

6 borrowing/lending: mượn / cho mượn

7 youth hostels: ký túc xá thanh niên

8 beaches and the sea: bãi biển và biển

You are planning to go on holiday with friends this summer. Discuss the holiday with one of the friends. Make a decision about each of these four points.

• When you want to go and for how long

• Choice of destination

• Transport

• Paying for the holiday

(Bạn đang lên kế hoạch đi nghỉ cùng bạn bè vào mùa hè này. Thảo luận về kỳ nghỉ với một trong những người bạn. Đưa ra quyết định về từng điểm trong số mục này.

• Khi nào bạn muốn đi và trong bao lâu

• Lựa chọn điểm đến

• Phương tiện

• Chi trả cho kỳ nghỉ)

Câu 51 :

2 Read the writing task and the letter. Has the writer covered all four points in the task?

(Đọc bài tập viết và bức thư. Người viết đã bao quát hết bốn điểm trong bài chưa?)

You are planning to visit Bristol in the UK this summer with a small group of friends and have been given a recommendation for a youth hostel. Write a letter to the youth hostel in which you

• give information about your group.

• inform them of the dates you want to stay and ask about availability.

• ask about food and drink.

• ask for suggestions about places to visit in Bristol.

(Bạn đang lên kế hoạch đến thăm thành phố Bristol ở Vương quốc Anh vào mùa hè này cùng với một nhóm nhỏ bạn bè và được giới thiệu một nhà trọ dành cho giới trẻ. Viết một lá thư cho ký túc xá thanh niên, trong đó bạn

• cung cấp thông tin về nhóm của bạn.

• thông báo cho họ về ngày bạn muốn ở lại và hỏi về tình trạng sẵn có.

• hỏi về đồ ăn thức uống.

• xin gợi ý về những nơi đến thăm ở Bristol.)

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to enquire about a visit to your youth hostel in Bristol next month. I'll be travelling to Bristol with three mates from school. All four of us are female and aged seventeen or eighteen. We're planning to stay for seven nights between 10 and 17 August. Please tell me whether you have beds available for those dates. I'd also like to know whether your youth hostel has a café or restaurant. If not, would it be possible to recommend any places to eat near the hostel which are not too expensive? This will be our first visit to Bristol. Although I have read about the city on the internet, I'd love to hear any tips for places to visit in the city. I look forward to getting an answer from you in due course so that we can finalise the details of our visit.

Yours faithfully,

Hazel Jones

Hazel Jones

Câu 56 :

2 Read the article and name the countries the Mekong River runs through.

(Đọc bài và kể tên các quốc gia có sông Mekong chảy qua.)

The Mekong River

The Mekong River, which is over 4,000 kilometres long, is the world's twelfth longest river and the Southeast Asia's longest transboundary river. The Mekong started round 17 million years ago due to increased erosion from monsoon precipitation. Its original name is Mae Nam Khong. In Lao language, Mae Nam (Mother of Waters) means large rivers, and Khong is a proper name.

From Tibetan Plateau the Mekong runs through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. It not only is rich in plant and fish diversity but also provides very important transport links in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. The Mekong River plays an important role in the life of the people in Southeast Asia, providing a means for people to access natural resources, social facilities such as schools, health services. Passenger transport along the river makes a nice contribution to tourism development.

The Mekong River is also a major trade route in Southeast Asia. A lot of cargo is transported along this river every day, and the cargo ranges from petroleum, coal to fertilisers and farming products. However, though the river brings about great income and different job opportunities, the navigation potential of this river is not fully exploited. The geographical features greatly vary along its length. For instance, the upper part of this river in Laos contains a number of physical obstacles and turbulent sections and only experienced skippers and boats that are small in size can safely navigate this part of the river. Improvements are expected to make the river passable for much larger cargo boats, which will develop both regional and international exchange of goods.

Câu 61 :

Read the following passage about Mary Kingsley, a famous British explorer. Answer the questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau về Mary Kingsley, một nhà thám hiểm nổi tiếng người Anh. Trả lời các câu hỏi.)

Mary Kingsley was born in London in 1862, the daughter of a doctor and a domestic servant. She received little formal education, as in those days, people did not think that it was necessary to educate girls. However, she spent time in her father's library, which was full of travel and science books.

In 1892, her parents died and Mary inherited £4,300, a considerable sum at that time. Mary had always dreamed of travelling to Africa, and with the money, she could now do this. She arrived in Sierra Leone in August 1893, lived with local people, and learned from them the skills needed to survive in the jungle. She often went alone into dangerous areas to collect plant and animal specimens. She returned to Britain in 1893 just to be back in Africa the next year. She daringly climbed the 4,040-metre-high Mount Cameroon by a previously unknown route wearing a long black dress.

In 1895, Mary went home again, taking some rare specimens, including a live reptile which she gave to a zoo. Mary wrote two books with her experiences - Travels in West Africa and West African Studies - in which she described the way of life of the indigenous people. She was very critical both of the missionaries who set out to convert the local people and of British colonial rule. She thought they damaged the African culture. Her fame grew and she gave lectures all over Britain. She went out to Africa again in March 1900, but before she could travel north to the part she loved, she died of typhoid in South Africa at the age of 37.

1 Why was Mary not sent to school?

2 How could she afford to travel to Africa?

3 What did she wear to climb Mount Cameroon?

4 What was her opinion of missionaries and of British colonial rule?

5 How many expeditions to Africa did she go on? 6 What did she die of?

Câu 83 :

Verb patterns

I can identify and use word patterns.

1. Complete the text with the infinitive (with or without to) or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng nguyên mẫu (có hoặc không có to) hoặc -ing của động từ trong ngoặc.)

Three years ago, an Australian couple from Perth decided 1_________ (go) on holiday – permanently. In other words, they hoped 2_________ (stay) on holiday for years rather than days. So far, their trip has lasted for three years and they’re enjoying 3_________ (travel) so much that they will keep 4_________  (do) it for as long as possible.

Before the trip, Nicole Connolly ran a successful business. But the death of a family member made her 5_________ (think) about her life in a different way. She spent some time 6_________ (discuss) her ideas with Michael, her husband, and they ended up 7_________  (make) a decision: they agreed 8_________ (give up) their home and their jobs in return for freedom and adventure. But they couldn’t put their plan into action immediately. They went on 9_________ (work) for a year and managed 10_________ (save) some money. They then sold their house and their possessions. Finally, they could afford 11_________ (begin) their journey.

They started 12_________ (travel) and they’ve been on the road ever since. They’ve continued 13_________ (earn) some money by managing an online business, including a successful blog about their lifestyle. And although they miss their friends and family, they don’t miss their old life; they definitely prefer 14_________ (be) on holiday all the time.

Câu 88 :

2. Read the texts (A-C) and match the titles with the texts. There is one extra title.

(Đọc các văn bản (A-C) và nối các tiêu đề với các văn bản. Có một tiêu đề bị thừa.)

1 Life is impossible without internet

2 Life is better with green energy

3 Life is a reflection of activities

4 Life is a collection of skills

A

I live in a remote village, quite far from the big cities, so I am not quite sure what a future city should be like. I think it should be an environment-friendly city where green energy is the first choice. Natural resources provide wonderful energy such as wind power, hydropower, solar power, geothermal energy. They have become popular now, but they will be dominant source of iranty/source energy in the future. All of these powers will be used in all city offices, schools, buildings... They will certainly be cost-effective and limitless. People in big cities will no longer worry about the amount of energy they use or the money they will have to pay. What they care about will be how to keep their city forever green.

B

The future cities in my eyes would be a place where people will not go out often. They work, study, shop, visit each other through internet. People in the cities will be as busy as they are now, but the difference is they will do everything online. Working from home or online studying will not save city dwellers time. They will save time from travelling, but they instead will surf internet, participate in online discussions, or play esports. To me, life of the people in the future will be less fun, more stressful and more monotonous. There will be little or no direct contact and people may never know how one colleague or classmate actually looks outside.

C

I love living in a big city, and I can't imagine leaving it one day. I guess the city life in the future will be very different and maybe more difficult to every citizen, particularly youngsters. City people will have to work harder, train harder to meet the demands of the future jobs. Those jobs will certainly involve all kinds of new skills, for example, human-robot interactive skills. People have to try harder and harder due to rapid technological advances. Skill after skill will have to be learned, adapted and then replaced. City people will have no chances to feel bored.