2. Match the sentence halves. Then rewrite them as third conditional sentences.

(Nối hai nửa câu. Sau đó viết lại chúng thành câu điều kiện loại ba.)

1   We missed the ferry because …e…

2   We got lost because ……

3   I couldn’t get on the plane because ……

4   The train was late because ……

5   The car crashed because ……

6   We didn’t take the cable car because ……

a   I didn’t have my passport with me.

b   we wanted to walk up the mountain.

c   you forgot the satnav.

d   the driver didn’t see the red light.

e   we were late setting off.

f   there was snow on the line.

1   We wouldn’t have missed the ferry if we hadn’t been late setting off.

(Chúng tôi sẽ không lỡ chuyến phà nếu chúng tôi không khởi hành muộn.)

2   ____________________________________________________

3   ____________________________________________________

4   ____________________________________________________

5   ____________________________________________________

6  ____________________________________________________

3 Look at the highlighted sentences in the dialogue and answer the questions below. Then read the Learn this! box and complete the examples.

(Nhìn vào những câu được đánh dấu trong đoạn đối thoại và trả lời các câu hỏi bên dưới. Sau đó đọc khung LEARN THIS! và hoàn thành các ví dụ.)

1 What tense is used in the if clause?

2 What form is used in the main clause?

3 How is ‘have’ pronounced?

LEARN THIS! The third conditional

a We form the third conditional with if + past perfect, would have + past participle.

If I had seen her, I would have offered her a lift.

b We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations and to say how things could have been different in the past.

If you hadn't gone by taxi, you ¹_______ (not arrive) on time.

c We often use it to express regret or criticism.

If you ²_______ (leave) earlier, you ³_______ (not be) late!

4 Write sentences and questions in the third conditional.

(Viết câu và câu hỏi trong câu điều kiện loại 3.)

1 Tom / take / a taxi // if / he / have / some cash on him

Tom would have taken a taxi if he'd had some cash on him.

(Tom sẽ bắt taxi nếu anh ấy có ít tiền mặt.)

2 if / I / know / it / be / your birthday /// buy / you / a present

3 if / we / walk / all the way home // we / be / exhausted

4 if / I /not want / to work on this journey /// not take / the train

5 if / we / have / more time // we / can / change / some money at the airport

6 what / you / do // you / oversleep / this morning?

LOOK OUT!

In written English we do not usually contract the verb have in the third conditional sentences. But in spoken English, we do, pronouncing it as /ǝv/.

Written form: would have          I'd have             wouldn't have

Pronounced as: would've           I'd've                wouldn't've

(LOOK OUT!

Trong văn viết tiếng Anh, chúng ta thường không rút gọn động từ have trong câu điều kiện loại ba. Nhưng trong tiếng Anh nói, chúng ta phát âm nó là /ǝv/.

Dạng viết: would have          I'd have                 wouldn't have

Dạng phát âm: would've      I'd've                     wouldn't've)

5 PRONUNCIATION Read the Look out! box. Then read out the sentences in exercise 4 using contractions where appropriate. Listen and check.

(Đọc khung LOOK OUT. Sau đó đọc to các câu trong bài tập 4 bằng cách sử dụng các từ rút gọn khi thích hợp. Nghe và kiểm tra.)

6 Read the sentences about what actually happened. Then write sentences about how things might have been different. Use the third conditional.

(Đọc các câu về những gì thực sự đã xảy ra. Sau đó viết các câu về việc mọi thứ có thể đã khác đi như thế nào. Sử dụng điều kiện loại ba.)

1 We turned left and we got lost.

(Chúng tôi rẽ trái và bị lạc.)

If we hadn't turned left, we wouldn't have got lost.

(Nếu chúng tôi không rẽ trái, chúng tôi sẽ không bị lạc.)

2 I didn't go by train because the ticket was so expensive.

3 I didn't meet you at the airport because I didn't know when you were arriving.

4 We stopped at the service station because we were nearly out of petrol.

5 I wasn't late for the meeting because I took a taxi.

6 I bought the tickets on the train because there wasn't a ticket office at the station.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Use the third conditional to complete the sentences. Ask and answer about the information in the sentences.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 để hoàn thành câu. Hỏi và trả lời về thông tin trong câu.)

1 If I'd felt ill this morning, ___________________________

2 If there hadn't been school last Friday, ___________________________

3 If I'd felt hungry on the way home from school yesterday, _______________________

4 If I'd forgotten to do my homework at the weekend, ___________________________

5 If I hadn't studied English in primary school, ___________________________

6 If I'd been late for school this morning, ___________________________

A: What would you have done if you'd felt ill this morning?

B: I'd have.../ I wouldn't have...

(A: Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu bạn cảm thấy ốm sáng nay?

B: Tôi sẽ .../ Tôi sẽ không ...)

1. Write third conditional sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.

(Viết câu điều kiện loại ba. Sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. If I ______________ (drive) faster, we ______________ (arrive) before six.

2. If Mary ______________ (get) to the cinema earlier, she ______________(see) the start of the film.

3. You ______________ (know) what to do if you ______________ (listen) to the instructions.

4. You ______________ (not cut) yourself if you ______________ (not be) so careless with the knife.

5. If I ______________ (have) the time, I ______________ (call) you.

6. I ______________ (not get) angry if you (not be) so rude!

7. Do you think you ______________(pass) your exams if you ______________ (work) harder?

2 Rewrite the two sentences as one. Use the third conditional.

(Viết lại hai câu thành một. Sử dụng câu điều kiện loại ba.)

1 You didn't go to bed early. You were tired the following morning.

(Bạn đã không đi ngủ sớm. Bạn đã cảm thấy mệt mỏi vào sáng hôm sau.)

If you'd gone to bed early, you wouldn't have been tired the following morning.

(Nếu bạn đi ngủ sớm, bạn sẽ không mệt mỏi vào sáng hôm sau.)

2 Emma didn't catch the bus. She had to walk to school.

3 The tickets were expensive. I didn't travel by plane.

4 I ate too much. I felt ill.

5 I spent all my money. I was broke.

6 I took a painkiller. My headache went away.

7 We didn't save a lot of money. We weren't able to buy a new car.

The third conditional

I can talk about imaginary events in the past.

1. Complete the third conditional sentences with the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu điều kiện thứ ba với động từ trong ngoặc.)

1   If I __________ (be) hungry, I __________ (buy) a sandwich in the buffet car.

2   We __________ (book) a cabin if they __________ (not be) so expensive.

3   If we __________ (stop) at the filling station, we __________ (not run out) of petrol.

4   If you __________ (look) at the departures board, you __________ (know) which gate to go to.

5   What __________ you __________ (do) if the airline __________ (lose) your luggage?

6   We __________ (not go) out on deck if the weather __________ (not be) so lovely.

7   If you __________ (find) a bag on a train, __________ you __________ (take) it to the lost property office?

3. Write questions using the prompts.

(Viết câu hỏi sử dụng gợi ý.)

1   where / you / go / on holiday / last summer / if / you / have / the choice?

     Where would you have gone__________________________

2   what / you / do / if / you / feel ill / this morning?

      ___________________________________________

3   what / you / buy / last weekend / if / you / have / lots of money?

      ___________________________________________

4    what film / you / see / if / go / to the cinema / last night?

      ___________________________________________

5   what / you / eat / yesterday evening / if / you / have / the choice?

     ___________________________________________

4. Write answers to the questions in exercise 3.

(Viết câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi ở bài tập 3.)

1   ___________________________________________

2   ___________________________________________

3   ___________________________________________

4   ___________________________________________

5   ___________________________________________

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.

____ for the fact that he was working abroad, he would willingly have helped with the project.