Giải SGK, SBT Unit 4. Urbanisation Global Success

Urban development

(Sự phát triển đô thị)

1. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)

Nam: Hi, Mark!

Mark: Hi, Nam! Sorry I'm late. I got lost because your neighbourhood has changed a lot.

Nam: Yeah. It's been three years since your last visit. Anyway, do you want to go for a walk? I'll show you around.

Mark: Fresh air and a walk sound nice. Let's go!

Mark: Nam, there used to be a rice field opposite your house, right?

Nam: Exactly, Mark. But now they have built several high-rise buildings. The city is getting bigger and bigger.

Mark: Yes, more and more people want to live in urban areas nowadays. This is part of the process of urbanisation.

Nam: That's true. There are also new public parks and people can enjoy more leisure activities. In addition to the big shopping centre, there is a convenience store on every corner. And look at our new electric buses! Do you want to go for a ride?

Mark: Sure, Nam... Wow! The bus is so quiet and comfortable! It's the first time I've been on an electric bus. Getting around is probably becoming more and more convenient for local residents.

Nam: Not really. The more crowded the area becomes, the worse traffic jams get, especially during rush hour. The cost of living is also going up. These are the changes that I don't like.

Mark: That's true, Nam. I guess urbanisation can also cause problems.

2. Read the conversation again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

(Đọc lại đoạn hội thoại.Quyết định xem những câu sau đây là đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

3. Match the words to make phrases mentioned in 1.

(Nối các từ để tạo thành cụm từ được đề cập ở bài 1.)

4. Complete the sentences using phrases from 1.

(Hoàn thành câu sử dụng các cụm từ trong bài 1.)

1. They ________ several high-rise buildings opposite Nam's house.

2. The city where Nam lives is getting ________.

3. ________ Mark has been on an electric bus.

4. ________ crowded the area becomes, ________ traffic jams get.

Unstressed words in connected speech

(Từ không được nhấn mạnh trong lời nói được kết nối)

1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the unstressed words.

(Lắng nghe và lặp lại. Hãy chú ý đến cách phát âm của những từ không được nhấn mạnh.)

1. It's been three years since your last visit.

(Đã ba năm kể từ chuyến thăm cuối cùng của bạn.)

2. Fresh air and a walk sound nice.

(Không khí trong lành và đi dạo thật tuyệt.)

3. It's the first time I've been on an electric bus.

(Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đi xe buýt điện.)

4. I guess urbanisation can also cause problems.

(Tôi đoán đô thị hóa cũng có thể gây ra nhiều vấn đề.)

2. Listen and identify the unstressed words in the following sentences. Then practise saying the sentences in pairs.

(Nghe và xác định những từ không được nhấn trọng âm trong các câu sau. Sau đó thực hành nói các câu theo cặp.)

1. A new convenience store has been opened near my house.

2. There are still a lot of problems in our cities today.

3. It is much more expensive to buy a house in a big city.

4. My father was offered a new job and his office will be in a high-rise building.

Urban life (Đời sống thành thị)

1. Match the words with their meanings.

(Nối các từ với nghĩa của chúng.)

2. Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in 1.

(Hoàn thành câu bằng cách sử dụng dạng đúng của các từ ở bài 1.)

1. Higher _________ can result in increasing crime rates in big cities.

2. Not many young couples can _________ to buy their own house in big cities.

3. There is a shortage of affordable _________ in big cities.

4. Since they started using farmland for building houses, many towns have _________ into cities.

5. Many people are leaving the countryside in order to _________ better opportunities in big cities.

Present perfect (review and extension)

(Thì hiện tại hoàn thành – ôn tập và mở rộng)

1. Circle the underlined part that is incorrect in each of the following sentences. Then correct it.

(Hãy khoanh tròn phần gạch chân sai trong mỗi câu sau. Sau đó sửa nó.)

1. This is the (A) first time I (B) saw such (C) a fall building (D) in my life.

2. Mount Fuji (A) in Japan is the (B) most beautiful place we (C) had ever (D) visited.

3. This (A) has been the second time my mother (B) has warned me not (C) to spend all my money (D) on clothes.

Double comparative to show change

(So sánh kép để thể hiện sự thay đổi)

2. Choose the best option to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given.

(Chọn phương án đúng nhất để chỉ ra câu gần nghĩa nhất với câu đã cho.)

1. Housing is getting more and more expensive in big cities, so many local residents can't afford to buy their own place.

A. Many local residents in big cities can't buy their own place because housing is becoming more expensive every day.

B. More and more local residents can't afford their own place in big cities because housing is too expensive.

C. Housing is getting affordable enough for many local people to buy their own place.

D. Housing in big cities has become the most expensive these days, so many local residents can't afford their own place.

2. The more people move into big cities, the higher the unemployment is.

A. The higher the unemployment is, the more people move into big cities.

B. More people moving into big cities causes higher unemployment.

C. More people move into big cities despite the high rate of unemployment.

D. More people move into big cities because there are more employment opportunities there.

3. The more houses are built, the less space we have for plants and trees.

A. Although more houses are built, we still have some space for plants and trees.

B. The fewer houses we build, the less space we have for plants and trees.

C. We have less space for plants and trees because more houses are built.

D. Plants and trees are the reasons why more houses can't be built.

3. Work in pairs. Make true sentences about urbanisation in an area that you know, using double comparatives and the present perfect.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Đặt câu đúng về quá trình đô thị hóa ở một khu vực mà bạn biết, sử dụng so sánh kép và thì hiện tại hoàn thành.)

Example: Urbanisation has changed my home town a lot. The local authority has expanded the roads and improved the infrastructure. More high-rise buildings have been built. There are more and more people from the nearby villages. They have come to work in the local factories.

(Ví dụ: Đô thị hóa đã thay đổi quê hương tôi rất nhiều. Chính quyền địa phương đã mở rộng đường sá và cải thiện cơ sở hạ tầng. Nhiều tòa nhà cao tầng được xây dựng. Ngày càng có nhiều người từ các làng lân cận. Họ đã đến làm việc tại các nhà máy địa phương.)

Urbanisation of Ha Noi

(Sự đô thị hóa của Hà Nội)

1. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures in the article in 2 below. Discuss the following questions.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nhìn vào những hình ảnh trong bài viết ở bài 2 dưới đây. Thảo luận các câu hỏi sau đây.)

1. What can you see in each picture?

(Bạn nhìn thấy gì trong mỗi bức tranh?)

2. What do the pictures tell you about Ha Noi and people's life in the city?

(Những bức tranh cho bạn biết điều gì về Hà Nội và cuộc sống của người dân thành phố?)

2. Read the article. Choose the correct meanings of the highlighted words.

(Đọc bài viết. Chọn nghĩa đúng của các từ được đánh dấu.)

Ha Noi Then and Now

'Ha Noi Then and Now' exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors this week. The pictures have brought back childhood memories to old residents while helping younger generations see how the city has changed over the years.

In the 'Then' hall, visitors can see pictures of 20th-century Ha Noi. Back in 1954, it was a small city with a population of about 530,000 residents in an area of about 152 sq km. The capital's famous Old Quarter or '36 old streets' dates back hundreds of years, with each street focusing on a different trade or craft.

'My parents couldn't afford a motorbike or car. Most residents used to get around by bicycle or on foot,' said an 80-year-old visitor. Trams, which began service in 1901, were a popular means of public transport until 1991. Buses were not very frequent then. People lived and worked in low-rise buildings. The city was a fascinating mixture of French colonial buildings and traditional Eastern architecture.

The 'Now' pictures show a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually expanded to over 3,000 sq km including many of the surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is expected to include more lines by 2030.

However, urbanisation has created new problems. "As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has led to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates,' said a 21-year-old student. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

1. residents

A. people who live in a particular place

B. buildings in a particular place 

2. colonial

A. connected with the native country

B. connected with a country that controls another country

3. gradually

A. slowly, over a period of time

B. quickly, over a short time

4. modernising

A. making something attractive

B. making use of the latest technology, design, etc.

5. concern

A. a feeling of satisfaction

B. a feeling of worry about something important

3. Read the article again. Put the main ideas in the order they appear in the article.

(Đọc lại bài viết. Hãy sắp xếp các ý chính theo thứ tự chúng xuất hiện trong bài viết.)

The correct order is:

1. _______________ 

2. _______________

3. _______________ 

4. _______________

A. Ha Noi's modern infrastructure and architecture

B. The challenges of urban growth

C. Ha Noi as a small city with old streets selling different products

D. 20th-century transport and architecture

4. Read the article again and complete the table using no more than THREE words and/or a number for each gap.

(Đọc lại bài viết và hoàn thành bảng với không quá BA từ và/hoặc một con số cho mỗi chỗ trống.)

5. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận các câu hỏi sau đây.)

Which one do you prefer to live in: Ha Noi in the past or Ha Noi at present? Why?

(Bạn thích sống ở đâu hơn: Hà Nội ngày xưa hay Hà Nội hiện tại? Tại sao?)

Changes in a living area

(Những thay đổi trong một không gian sống)

1. The pictures show how River City has changed over time. Work in pairs. Read the words and phrases and decide which describe the city in the past (P) and which now (N).

(Những hình ảnh cho thấy River City đã thay đổi như thế nào theo thời gian. Làm việc theo cặp. Đọc các từ và cụm từ và quyết định từ nào mô tả thành phố trong quá khứ (P) và thành phố nào bây giờ (N).)

2. Work in pairs. Talk about the changes in River City. Use the words and phrases in 1.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Nói về những thay đổi ở River City. Sử dụng các từ và cụm từ ở phần 1.)

Example: In the past, this place only had low-rise buildings. However, a lot of high-rise buildings have been built in the city.

(Ví dụ: Ngày xưa nơi đây chỉ có những tòa nhà thấp tầng. Tuy nhiên, rất nhiều tòa nhà cao tầng đã được xây dựng trong thành phố.)

3. Report your answers to the whole class. Vote for the best description.

(Báo cáo câu trả lời của bạn cho cả lớp. Bình chọn cho mô tả tốt nhất.)

A radio talk about urbanisation

(Một bài nói trên đài phát thanh nói về đô thị hóa)

1. Choose the correct meanings of the underlined words.

(Chọn nghĩa đúng của các từ được gạch chân.)

1. House prices in big cities are increasing rapidly because too many people want to buy their own house.

A. very quickly

B. very slowly

2. The rural population is decreasing because more and more people are moving from the countryside to cities.

A. going up

B. going down

3. The public transport is not very reliable, so many people use their private vehicles.

A. can be trusted

B. can be expensive

2. Listen to a radio talk about urbanisation. Choose the correct answer A, B, or C.

(Nghe đài nói chuyện về đô thị hóa. Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

1. What is the talk about?

(Cuộc nói chuyện về điều gì?)

A. Urban population. (Dân số thành thị.)

B. Advantages of urbanisation. (Ưu điểm của đô thị hóa.)

C. The world's urbanisation. (Đô thị hóa thế giới.)

2. Which graph shows how the urban population has changed over the past few decades?

(Biểu đồ nào cho thấy dân số thành thị đã thay đổi như thế nào trong vài thập kỷ qua?)

A. It has grown rapidly. (Nó đã phát triển nhanh chóng.)

B. It has decreased gradually. (Nó đã giảm dần.)

C. It has increased slightly. (Nó đã tăng lên một chút.)

3. Which chart shows the percentage of the world's urban population now?

(Biểu đồ nào thể hiện tỷ lệ phần trăm dân số thành thị trên thế giới hiện nay?)

4. Which of the following is mentioned as an advantage of urbanisation?

(Điều nào sau đây được coi là lợi thế của đô thị hóa?)

A. City residents have better health.

(Cư dân thành phố có sức khỏe tốt hơn.)

B. City dwellers can afford expensive houses.

(Cư dân thành phố có thể mua được những ngôi nhà đắt tiền.)

C. Buses and trains run more often.

(Xe buýt và xe lửa chạy thường xuyên hơn.)

5. What does the speaker say about the air quality in big cities?

(Người nói nói gì về chất lượng không khí ở các thành phố lớn?)

A. City residents can develop health problems if exposed to air pollution over a long period.

(Cư dân thành phố có thể gặp các vấn đề về sức khỏe nếu tiếp xúc với ô nhiễm không khí trong thời gian dài.)

B. Air quality is improving because the number of private cars has decreased.

(Chất lượng không khí đang được cải thiện vì số lượng ô tô cá nhân đã giảm.)

C. Smog and higher carbon emissions in the air are making traffic conditions worse.

(Khói bụi và lượng khí thải carbon cao hơn trong không khí đang làm cho tình trạng giao thông trở nên tồi tệ hơn.)

3. Listen to the talk again and answer the questions. Use no more than THREE words and/or a number.

(Nghe lại bài nói và trả lời các câu hỏi. Sử dụng không quá BA từ và/hoặc một con số.)

1. What was the percentage of the world's urban population in 1950?

(Tỷ lệ dân số đô thị trên thế giới vào năm 1950 là bao nhiêu?)

2. By which year is it expected that about 70% of the world's population will live in cities?

(Dự kiến đến năm nào khoảng 70% dân số thế giới sẽ sống ở các thành phố?)

3. What are good schools and modern hospitals examples of?

(Trường học tốt và bệnh viện hiện đại là ví dụ điển hình về điều gì?)

4. Apart from housing, what is more expensive in cities?

(Ngoài nhà ở, ở thành phố cái gì đắt hơn?)

4. Work in groups. Discuss the following question.

(Làm việc theo nhóm. Thảo luận câu hỏi sau đây.)

What do you think is the biggest advantage of urbanisation?

(Bạn nghĩ lợi ích lớn nhất của đô thị hóa là gì?)

Making complaints and responding to them

(Phàn nàn và phản hồi lại lời phàn nàn)

1. Listen and complete the conversations with the expressions in the box. Then practise them in pairs.

(Nghe và hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại với các từ trong hộp. Sau đó thực hành chúng theo cặp.)

1.

Ms Lan: Hi, Μai. (1) ___________, but there is always loud music coming from your flat very late at night. I can't sleep because of the noise.

Mai: Oh, I'm so sorry, Ms Lan. (2) ___________ this will never happen again.

2.

Nam: Excuse me, (3) ___________ the bus services in the neighbourhood. Buses are always running late, especially during rush hour.

Conductor: I'm sorry, but (4) ___________. There are so many vehicles on the roads now that traffic moves very slowly.

2. Work in pairs. Use the models in 1 to make similar conversations for these situations. One of you is A, the other is B. Use the expressions to help you.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Sử dụng các mẫu ở bài 1 để thực hiện những đoạn hội thoại tương tự trong những tình huống này. Một bạn là A, một bạn là B. Hãy sử dụng các cách diễn đạt để giúp bạn.)

1. A has recently moved to a busy urban area. He/She is attending a community meeting chaired by B, who is an urban planner. A is complaining to B about the frequent traffic jams in the area. B is giving a response.

(A gần đây đã chuyển đến một khu đô thị sầm uất. Anh ấy/Cô ấy đang tham dự một cuộc họp cộng đồng do B, một nhà quy hoạch đô thị, chủ trì. A đang phàn nàn với B về tình trạng ùn tắc giao thông thường xuyên ở khu vực này. B đang đưa ra câu trả lời.)

2. B is attending a talk by A, a local government official, who is discussing problems in their city. B is complaining to A about the city's overcrowded living conditions. A is giving a response.

(B đang tham dự buổi nói chuyện của A, một quan chức chính quyền địa phương, người đang thảo luận về các vấn đề ở thành phố của họ. B đang phàn nàn với A về điều kiện sống quá đông đúc của thành phố. A đang đưa ra câu trả lời.)

1. Read the text and complete the table.

(Đọc văn bản và hoàn thành bảng.)

URBANISATION IN MALAYSIA AND AUSTRALIA

Urbanisation in Malaysia started in the early 1970s. At that time, only around 26 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. After a period of rapid growth, the urban and rural populations were almost equal in the early 1990s. Since then, the urbanisation rate has continued to increase gradually. The urban population, for example, rose from 66 per cent in 2004 to 74 per cent in 2014.

At present, Malaysia is known as one of the most urbanised countries in East Asia. It is also one of the most rapidly urbanised regions around the world. According to the latest statistics, over 77 per cent of Malaysia's total population now live in urban areas and cities.

Australia is an interesting example of early urbanisation, which started at the end of the 19th century. At that time, over 60 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. Since then, it has maintained a gradual growth. This was also due to the country's immigration policy, which encouraged people to settle in its coastal, urban areas.

Australia is now one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with almost 90 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The two largest cities of Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, are home to over 40 per cent of the country's population.

2. Work in groups. Compare urbanisation in Viet Nam with that in Malaysia and/or Australia. Use the information in Writing and Culture/CLIL and the questions below to help you.

(Làm việc nhóm. So sánh quá trình đô thị hóa ở Việt Nam với Malaysia và/hoặc Australia. Sử dụng thông tin trong phần Viết và Văn hóa/CLIL và các câu hỏi bên dưới để giúp bạn.)

• Was the proportion of urban population in Viet Nam higher or lower than that in Malaysia/Australia in the 1970s?

(Tỷ lệ dân số thành thị ở Việt Nam cao hơn hay thấp hơn Malaysia/Úc những năm 1970?)

• Which country has a faster urbanisation rate?  

(Quốc gia nào có tốc độ đô thị hóa nhanh hơn?)

• Which one is more urbanised?

(Nước nào đô thị hóa hơn?)

• What is the overall trend in urbanisation in each country?

(Xu hướng chung về đô thị hóa ở mỗi nước là gì?)

Listen and underline the unstressed words in the following sentences. Then practise saying the sentences in pairs.

(Hãy nghe và gạch chân những từ không được nhấn trọng âm trong các câu sau. Sau đó thực hành nói các câu theo cặp.)

1. There are more than fifty new skyscrapers in the city.

2. People can get around easily by the new metro instead of getting stuck in traffic jams.

3. Many young people go to big cities looking for better job opportunities and higher salaries.

4. There have been a lot of changes in my home town, and most of them have been welcomed by residents.

Complete the text, using the correct forms of the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn, sử dụng dạng đúng của các từ trong khung.)

Urbanisation brings a lot of changes. First, people living in rural areas move to cities to (1) _______ better jobs and improve their lives. As a result, urban areas are (2) _______. Second, more high-rise buildings are built to provide (3) _______ for the increasing number of urban residents. However, it is too expensive, so many people cannot (4) _______ to buy their own house. In addition, many people find it hard to find jobs in overcrowded cities, so (5) _______ rates there are rising.

Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B, C hoặc D.)

1. This is the best experience I ________ in this city.

A. have had                

B. have                       

C. had             

D. will have

2. That is the second house they ________ this year.

A. buy            

B. have bought           

C. bought       

D. had bought

3. The more we use private vehicles, ________ polluted the air becomes.

A. less and less          

B. the less                  

C. the more    

D. more and more

4. Life in rural areas is becoming ________ difficult for farmers because of falling prices of vegetables and argricultural products.

A. less and less          

B. fewer and fewer    

C. more and less

D. more and more

AN URBAN AREA

(KHU ĐÔ THỊ)

Work in groups. Do some research on a newly-created urban area in Viet Nam. Present your findings to the class.

(Làm việc nhóm. Thực hiện một số nghiên cứu về một khu đô thị mới được thành lập ở Việt Nam. Trình bày những phát hiện của bạn trước lớp.)

Use these questions as cues for your presentation:

(Sử dụng những câu hỏi này làm gợi ý cho bài thuyết trình của bạn)

- Where is the place?

(Chỗ đó là ở đâu?)

- What was it like in the past?

(Ngày xưa nó trông như thế nào?)

- How has it changed since urbanisation started?

(Nó đã thay đổi như thế nào kể từ khi quá trình đô thị hóa bắt đầu?)

- What are the positive and negative effects of urbanisation?

(Tác động tích cực và tiêu cực của đô thị hóa là gì?)

Description of a line graph (Miêu tả biểu đồ đường)

1. Work in pairs. Look at the line graph. Match the sentences with the information in the graph.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Nhìn vào biểu đồ đường. Nối các câu với thông tin trong biểu đồ.)

2. Look at the line graph and put the paragraphs in the correct order.

(Nhìn vào biểu đồ đường và đặt các đoạn văn theo thứ tự đúng.)

A. By contrast, the urban population rose throughout the same period. In 1950, the percentage of urban population was just around 6 per cent. It increased slightly to 15 per cent in 1980. After that, the figure rose steadily and in 2000 it stood at 40 per cent. The upward trend continued and in 2020, more than half of its population lived in urban areas. In the next twenty years, the urban population is expected to reach 65 per cent of the total population.

B. The line graph shows population trends in Fantasia's urban and rural areas over the 1950-2040 period. Overall, the urban population has increased and will continue to grow while the rural population has decreased and will continue to fall.

C. In 1950, 94 per cent or most of Fantasia's population lived in rural areas. This figure remained stable until 1960. However, from 1960 to 1980, the percentage of rural population fell slightly to 85 per cent. This figure went down steadily to 48 per cent in 2020 and is expected to drop to 35 per cent in 2040.

3. The line graph below illustrates population trends in Viet Nam from 1960 to 2020. Write a description (120-150 words) of the graph. Use the expressions in 1, the model and tips in 2, and the suggestions below to help you.

(Biểu đồ dưới đây minh họa xu hướng dân số ở Việt Nam từ năm 1960 đến năm 2020. Viết bài miêu tả (120-150 từ) về biểu đồ. Sử dụng các biểu thức ở phần 1, mô hình và mẹo ở phần 2 và những gợi ý bên dưới để giúp bạn.)

The line graph shows population trends in Viet Nam from 1960 to 2020. Overall, the urban population ...

In 1960, most Vietnamese people...

However, from 1960 to 1980, ... From 1990, ...

By contrast, the urban population rose throughout the same period. In 1960, ...

In 1980,... From 1990, ...

1 Read the following sentences and underline the unstressed words. Then practise reading these sentences.

(Đọc những câu sau đây và gạch chân những từ không được nhấn mạnh. Sau đó luyện đọc những câu này.)

1. A lot of high-rise buildings have been built in the area.

2. Young people prefer to live in big cities where there are a lot more jobs.

3. London was once a group of smaller, separate towns, and villages.

4. They want to move to a cheaper neighbourhood because they can't afford to pay the rent.

4. A. neighbourhood

B. quality

C. hospital

D. advantage

A. interest

B. effect

C. duty

D. concern

A. can be trusted

B. changeable

C. can be seen

D. reasonable

4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words/phrases in the box.

(Hoàn thành câu sử dụng dạng đúng của từ / cụm từ trong khung.)

1. The __________ are getting more and more crowded as more people are coming from the  countryside.

2. The city's leaders have promised to provide more affordable __________ for all residents.

3. We need to build more public parks, where city dwellers can enjoy more __________.

4. __________ are expected to face more competition from migrants in finding jobs.

5. There is a big increase in youth __________ as young people struggle to find jobs.

6. The urban population is increasing whereas the population in rural areas __________.

7. During __________, many drivers get stuck in heavy traffic.

8. Trains in the UK are not very __________ as they are often cancelled or delayed.

A. the least

B. more or less

C. more and more

D. less and less

2 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(Khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra phần gạch chân cần sửa trong mỗi câu hỏi sau.)

1. This is the first time I had taken a photo of this rare animal in the wild.

2. The most we use our personal vehicles, the more we pollute the environment.

3. What is the most expensive present that you have ever give to someone?

4. That is the second time I have went to the new shopping centre.

5. Much and more high-rise buildings are being built in our city.

6. Finding a stable job in the city is getting more and most difficult.

7. The little developed a country is, the higher the unemployment rate is

8. Singapore is the most modern city I had ever visited.

3 Write what you would say in these situations. Start with 'It', 'This', or 'That' and use the words in brackets.

(Viết những gì bạn sẽ nói trong những tình huống này. Bắt đầu bằng 'It', 'This' hoặc 'That' và sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1. You are visiting a museum. You have never visited it before. (first time)

______________________________________________________

2. You are seeing a very tall building. You have never seen a building taller than this one. (tallest)

______________________________________________________

3. You are staying at a hotel where you have stayed twice before. (third time)

______________________________________________________

4. You are in Thailand for the first time in your life. (first time)

______________________________________________________

4 Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings. Use the phrases in brackets.

(Viết lại câu mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của chúng. Sử dụng các cụm từ trong ngoặc.)

1. When the public transport is more reliable, fewer people use private cars. (The more... the fewer)

______________________________________________________

2. More people live in big cities, so houses become more expensive. (The more... the more)

______________________________________________________

3. We work harder, so we can finish sooner. (The harder... the sooner)

______________________________________________________

4. We clear more land for buildings, so we have less land for farming. (The more... the less)

______________________________________________________

8. A. idea

B. factor

C. benefit

D. problem

A. Critical

B. Neutral.

C. Confident.

D. Optimistic.

1 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to complete each of the following exchanges. Then practise reading them.

(Khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành mỗi trao đổi sau đây. Sau đó thực hành đọc chúng.)

A.

Mr Vu: Hi, Tom. (1) ______, but your dog has been barking loudly all day long. Our baby couldn't sleep because of the noise.

Tom: Oh, I'm so sorry, Mr Vu. We were out the whole day. (2) _______ this will never happen again.

1. A. I'm sorry to say this

B. Excuse me

C. May I say

D. I don't really understand

2. A. I'm not sure

B. I'm afraid

C. I promise

D. I wish

B.

Lan: Excuse me, (3) _______ about the bus services during rush hour. They're too crowded and running late.

Bus conductor: I'm sorry, (4) _______ about it. There are so many people travelling nowadays and the roads are full of traffic.

3. A. I usually talk

B. I say to you

C. I ask the conductor

D. I want to complain

4. A. but that's what we can do

B. but there's nothing we can do

C. but what can I do

D. but all what I do

C.

Mother: Khoa, you came home very late last night. (5) _______ with you.

Khoa: (6) _______ never to come home late again.

5. A. I'm really angry

B. I'm not sure

C. I'm afraid

D. I don't know

6. A. Oh I want

B. Of course I promise

C. I'm sorry, I promise

D. I'm afraid

D.

Nam: Quang, (7) _______ about the plans to close so many after-school clubs.

Quang: I see. (8) _______ there isn't much we can do about it. Not many people are interested in these clubs.

7. A. Excuse me

B. I'm sorry

C. I'm afraid

D. I'm so angry

8. A. I'm sorry

B. I'm afraid

C. I'm angry too

D. I promise

2 Answer the following questions about urbanisation.

(Trả lời các câu hỏi sau đây về đô thị hóa.)

1. Do you live in a village, a small town, or a big city?

2. How has your home town changed over the past ten years?

3. Which of the changes are good for the local people?

4. Which of the changes are bad for the local people?

5. What has the local government done to make your home town a better place to live in?

1 Rewrite the sentences without changing their meaning. Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

(Viết lại câu mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của chúng. Sử dụng dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.)

1. There has been a rapid increase in the urbanisation rate. (increase)

→ The urbanisation ____________________________________

2. There has been a gradual decrease in the rural population. (decrease)

→ The rural ____________________________________

3. The line graph illustrates how the world population has changed. (show changes)

→ The line graph ____________________________________

4. House prices in big cities have increased a lot over the past decade. (go up)

→ House prices ____________________________________

5. The air quality in urban areas has become worse over the years. (worsen)

→ The air quality ____________________________________

6. The demand for affordable housing in urban areas has increased rapidly recently. (rise)

→ The demand for ____________________________________

7. House prices in rural areas have remained stable over the past two years. (same)

→ House prices ____________________________________

8. More people move to big cities, so big cities become more crowded. (The more... the more)

→ The more ____________________________________

2 Use the words and phrases, and add some words where necessary to make meaningful sentences. Change the verb forms if necessary.

(Sử dụng các từ và cụm từ, đồng thời thêm một số từ cần thiết để tạo thành các câu có ý nghĩa. Thay đổi dạng động từ nếu cần thiết.)

1. More / more / people / moving / urban areas / seek employment.

____________________________________

2. Housing / getting / more / more expensive / big cities.

____________________________________

3. By contrast, / house prices / remain / stable / countryside.

____________________________________

4. The unemployment rate / big cities / getting / higher / higher.

____________________________________

5. It / first time / I / visit / such / modern building.

____________________________________

6. More / more / young people / looking / affordable housing.

____________________________________

7. Polluted cities / becoming / less / less /attractive.

____________________________________

8. Urbanisation / has generally improved / life / people / our area.

____________________________________

3 The line graph below illustrates population trends in Thailand from 1960 to 2020. Write a description (120-150 words) of the graph. Use the suggestions below to help you.

(Biểu đồ đường bên dưới minh họa xu hướng dân số ở Thái Lan từ năm 1960 đến năm 2020. Viết mô tả (120-150 từ) về biểu đồ. Sử dụng những gợi ý dưới đây để giúp bạn.)

The line graph shows population trends in Thailand from 1960 to 2020. Overall, the urban population...

In 1960, most Thai people... However, from 1960 to 1980.... From 2000....

By contrast, the urban population rose throughout the same period. In 1960,... In 1980..... From 2000,...