Với \(k,n \in N,2 \le k \le n\) thì giá trị của biểu thức $A = C_n^k + 4C_n^{k - 1} + 6C_n^{k - 2} + 4C_n^{k - 3} + C_n^{k - 4} - C_{n + 4}^k + 1$ bằng?

Trước hết ta chứng minh công thức \(C_n^k + C_n^{k + 1} = C_{n + 1}^{k + 1}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}VT = C_n^k + C_n^{k + 1}\\ = \dfrac{{n!}}{{k!\left( {n - k} \right)!}} + \dfrac{{n!}}{{\left( {k + 1} \right)!\left( {n - k - 1} \right)!}}\\ = \dfrac{{n!}}{{k!\left( {n - k - 1} \right)!}}\left( {\dfrac{1}{{n - k}} + \dfrac{1}{{k + 1}}} \right)\\ = \dfrac{{n!}}{{k!\left( {n - k - 1} \right)!}}.\dfrac{{k + 1 + n - k}}{{\left( {n - k} \right)\left( {k + 1} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{n!\left( {n + 1} \right)}}{{k!\left( {k + 1} \right)\left( {n - k - 1} \right)!\left( {n - k} \right)}}\\ = \dfrac{{\left( {n + 1} \right)!}}{{\left( {k + 1} \right)!\left( {n - k} \right)!}} = C_{n + 1}^{k + 1} = VP\end{array}\)

Ta tính giá trị của biểu thức B sau đây:

$\begin{array}{l}B = C_n^k + 4C_n^{k - 1} + 6C_n^{k - 2} + 4C_n^{k - 3} + C_n^{k - 4}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_n^k + C_n^{k - 1} + 3\left( {C_n^{k - 1} + C_n^{k - 2}} \right) + 3\left( {C_n^{k - 2} + C_n^{k - 3}} \right) + C_n^{k - 3} + C_n^{k - 4}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 1}^k + 3C_{n + 1}^{k - 1} + 3C_{n + 1}^{k - 2} + C_{n + 1}^{k - 3}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 1}^k + C_{n + 1}^{k - 1} + 2\left( {C_{n + 1}^{k - 1} + C_{n + 1}^{k - 2}} \right) + C_{n + 1}^{k - 2} + C_{n + 1}^{k - 3}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 2}^k + 2C_{n + 2}^{k - 1} + C_{n + 2}^{k - 2}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 1}^k + C_{n + 1}^{k - 1} + C_{n + 1}^{k - 1} + C_{n + 1}^{k - 2}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 3}^k + C_{n + 3}^{k - 1}\\\,\,\,\,\, = C_{n + 4}^k\\ \Rightarrow A = B - C_{n + 4}^k + 1 = C_{n + 4}^k - C_{n + 4}^k + 1 = 1\end{array}$