Bài 40 trang 23 SGK Toán 7 tập 1

Tính: (3/7 + 1/2)2.

Đề bài

Tính

a) \({\left( {\dfrac{3}{7} + \dfrac{1}{2}} \right)^2}\)

b) \({\left( {\dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{5}{6}} \right)^2}\)

c) \(\dfrac{{{5^4}{{.20}^4}}}{{{{25}^5}{{.4}^5}}}\)

d) \({\left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right)^5}.{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 6}}{5}} \right)^4}\)

Video hướng dẫn giải

Phương pháp giải - Xem chi tiết

Ta sử dụng các công thức sau:

\({\left( {x.y} \right)^n} = {x^n}.{y^n}\)

\({x^n} = \underbrace {x.x.x...x}_{n\,\,\,thừa\,\,số}\left( {x \in Q,n \in N,n > 1} \right)\)

\({\left( {\dfrac{x}{y}} \right)^n} = \dfrac{{{x^n}}}{{{y^n}}}\,\,\left( {y \ne 0} \right)\)

Lời giải chi tiết

a) \({\left( {\dfrac{3}{7} + \dfrac{1}{2}} \right)^2} = {\left( {\dfrac{6}{{14}} + \dfrac{7}{{14}}} \right)^2} \)\(\,= {\left( {\dfrac{{13}}{{14}}} \right)^2}= \dfrac{{169}}{{196}}\)

b) \({\left( {\dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{5}{6}} \right)^2} = {\left( {\dfrac{9}{{12}} - \dfrac{{10}}{{12}}} \right)^2}\)\(\, = {\left( {\dfrac{{ - 1}}{{12}}} \right)^2} = \dfrac{1}{{144}}\)

c) \(\dfrac{{{5^4}{{.20}^4}}}{{{{25}^5}{{.4}^5}}} = \dfrac{{{{\left( {5.20} \right)}^4}}}{{{{\left( {25.4} \right)}^5}}} = \dfrac{{{{100}^4}}}{{{{100}^5}}} = \dfrac{1}{{100}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}
{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right)^5}.{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 6}}{5}} \right)^4}\\
= \left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right).{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right)^4}.{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 6}}{5}} \right)^4}\\
= \dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}.{\left[ {\left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right).\left( {\dfrac{{ - 6}}{5}} \right)} \right]^4}\\
= \dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}.{\left[ {\dfrac{{ - 10.\left( { - 6} \right)}}{{3.5}}} \right]^4}\\
= \dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}.{\left( {\dfrac{{60}}{{15}}} \right)^4}\\
= \dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}{.4^4}\\
= \dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}.256 = \dfrac{{ - 2560}}{3}
\end{array}\)

Cách khác câu d:

\({\left( {\dfrac{{ - 10}}{3}} \right)^5}.{\left( {\dfrac{{ - 6}}{5}} \right)^4} \)\( = \dfrac{{{{\left( { - 10} \right)}^5}}}{{{3^5}}}.\dfrac{{{{\left( { - 6} \right)}^4}}}{{{5^4}}}\)\(\,= \dfrac{{{{\left( { - 2.5} \right)}^5}}}{{{3^5}}}.\dfrac{{{{\left( { - 2.3} \right)}^4}}}{{{5^4}}} \)\( = \dfrac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^5}{{.5}^5}}}{{{3^5}}}.\dfrac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^4}{{.3}^4}}}{{{5^4}}}\)\(= \dfrac{{ {(-2)^5}{{.5}^5}.{{(-2)}^4}{{.3}^4}}}{{{3^5}{{.5}^4}}} = \dfrac{{ {{5.(-2)}^9}}}{3} = - \dfrac{{2560}}{3}\)

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