Lời giải chi tiết:

\(P\left( x \right) = 32{x^5} - 80{x^4} + 80{x^3} - 40{x^2} + 10x - 1\)

Xét đáp án C:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2x - 1} \right)^5} = C_5^0{\left( {2x} \right)^5}{\left( { - 1} \right)^0} + C_5^1{\left( {2x} \right)^4}{\left( { - 1} \right)^1} + C_5^2{\left( {2x} \right)^3}{\left( { - 1} \right)^2}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, + C_5^3{\left( {2x} \right)^2}{\left( { - 1} \right)^3} + C_5^4{\left( {2x} \right)^1}{\left( { - 1} \right)^4} + C_5^5{\left( {2x} \right)^0}{\left( { - 1} \right)^5}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = 32{x^5} - 80{x^4} + 80{x^3} - 40{x^2} + 10x - 1\end{array}\)

Chọn C.