3. Use the prompts to write sentences.

(Sử dụng gợi ý để viết câu.)

1. Angela / not study / English / before / she / visit / London/. 

=> ______________________________________

2. by/time/1/finish / school yesterday / it / get / dark outside /.

=> ______________________________________

3. how long / you / have / your bike / when / somebody / steal / it/?

=> ______________________________________

4. when/we / arrived / at the cinema / the film / already/start/.

=> ______________________________________

5. I/just/arrived / at the party / when / it / finish/.

=> ______________________________________

6. Châu / be / tired / because / she / not sleep / well/.

=> ______________________________________

7. Hương/ never / see / a volcano / before / she /go/to Indonesia /.

=> ______________________________________

8. by/time/1/get up/ my brother / eat / all the pancakes /.

=> ______________________________________

Choose the best answer.

My leg started to hurt when I _________ football.

1. Study these sentences from the text. Then choose the correct options to complete the rules.

(Nghiên cứu những câu này từ văn bản. Sau đó chọn các phương án đúng để hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

1. Had bicycles been an important means for many years before the advent of motorised vehicles?

(Xe đạp có phải là phương tiện quan trọng trong nhiều năm trước khi phương tiện cơ giới ra đời không?)

2. They had played an essential role in Vietnamese daily life by the mid-20^th century.

(Chúng đã đóng một vai trò thiết yếu trong đời sống hàng ngày của người Việt vào giữa thế kỷ 20.)

3. The motor vehicles on the roads had not increased dramatically until the 1990s.

(Xe cơ giới trên đường không tăng đột biến cho đến những năm 1990.)

RULES (Nguyên tắc)

1. The past perfect describes a past action or event that took place before / after another past action or event.

2. We form the past perfect with was / had + a past participle.

3. We use not or never to make affirmative / negative sentences.

4. The question form is auxiliary verb + subject + infinitive / past participle.

2. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn những lựa chọn đúng.)

1. After Tom read / had read the email, he turned off / had turned off his computer.

2. Did Jane learn / Had Jane learnt to read and write before she started / had started school?

3. We didn’t have / hadn’t had a foreign holiday until last summer.

4. We were / had been tired because we played / had played football all afternoon.

5. I visited / had visited five cities in southern Việt Nam by 2001.

3. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. They _____ (never / play) football until last week.

2. _____ (you / buy) a ticket before you arrived at the station?

3. I was sad because she _____ (forget) my birthday.

4. _____ (he / leave) the house when you called?

5. The children _____ (not / do) their homework, so they were in trouble.

 USE IT! (SỬ DỤNG NÓ!)

4. Work in pairs. Take turns to say what you think had happened before each situation.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt nói điều bạn nghĩ đã xảy ra trước mỗi tình huống.)

1. Peter apologised to his brother.

(Peter đã xin lỗi anh trai mình.)

Perhaps they had had an argument.

(Có lẽ họ đã cãi nhau.)

2. Anna didn’t go to the cinema with her friends.

(Anna không đi xem phim với bạn bè.)

3. When Sally met her father at the station, she didn’t recognise him.

(Khi Sally gặp bố ở nhà ga, cô ấy không nhận ra ông.)

4. George was late for school on Tuesday.

(George đi học muộn vào thứ Ba.)

5. Ben and Helen were very excited.

(Ben và Helen rất phấn khích.)

 Finished? (Kết thúc)

Imagine you were late for school because you had gone on foot instead of by bicycle. Write sentences about what happened to you using the past perfect.

(Hãy tưởng tượng bạn đi học muộn vì bạn đã đi bộ thay vì đi xe đạp. Viết câu về những gì đã xảy ra với bạn bằng cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

3. Complete the sentences with the correct past perfect form of the verbs in the box.

(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng thì quá khứ hoàn thành đúng của các động từ trong khung.)

1. I realised that I _____ my history book at home.

2. _____ the shop _____ by the time you got there?

3. When I _____ the book, I returned it to the library.

4. Nina _____ a computer until her dad bought one.

5. How much _____ they _____ before the exam?

6. I _____ the play before I went to the theatre to see it.

3 Study the Grammar box. Underline more examples of the Past Perfect in the blog post.

(Nghiên cứu hộp ngữ pháp. Gạch chân thêm các ví dụ về Quá khứ hoàn thành trong bài đăng trên blog.)

4 Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng Quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)
1 The visitors had given (give) the animals the wrong food and the next day they were sick.

(Những vị khách đã cho những con vật ăn nhầm thức ăn và ngày hôm sau chúng bị ốm.)

2 For her project, Maria used photos of the animals that she          (take) at the zoo.

3 We           (not realise) how useful animal waste was until we started saving money.

4 They           (not feed) the animals when I got there.

5           you           (hear) about this type of energy before you visited the zoo?

4 Complete the diary entry with the Past Perfect form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành mục nhật ký với dạng Quá khứ hoàn thành của các động từ bên dưới.)

Tạm dịch:

cause: gây ra

choose: chọn

forget: quên

not arrive: không đến

not have: không có

plan: kế hoạch

Thursday was our school trip. I was excited because our  teacher had planned a day at a wind farm. She              the biggest wind farm in Scotland with more than 200 wind turbines. But when we got to school in the morning, the bus              and we had to wait for ages. We heard that an accident in the town centre               a huge traffic jam. When it finally came, I was starving because I              my packed lunch. It was a really long journey and when we got to the farm, the wind turbines weren’t moving. The farm               any wind that week!

Choose the best answer.

In the past, most of the school students didn’t often wear uniform like they _____ today.

Choose the best answer.

Vietnam today is experiencing tremedous growth and over the last decade, ______ one of the strongest economies in Asia.

Choose the best answer.

The traffic system in our city _____ in the last decade.

Choose the best answer.

More tourists have chosen to visit Ha Long Bay _______ UNESCO’s recognition of its natural beauty.

Choose the best answer.

In the old days, people ________ dong leaves before they made Chung cakes.

Choose the best answer.

When President Barack Obama arrived in Vietnam in July 2016, the former US President Bill Clinton and George W. Bush __________ here earlier.

Choose the best answer.

Before 1990s, trams _____ a popular means of transport in Ha Noi.  

Choose the best answer.

Vietnam _______ decades of fighting for freedom before the country became totally independent.

Choose the best answer.

I won the game because I _______ it a lot with my brother.

Choose the best answer.

I ________ 15 minute on watching TV before I went to study last night.

Choose the best answer.

There _______ many recent breakthroughs in technology. Now consumers can purchase the latest high tech toys. This was not possible even a few years ago.

Choose the best answer.

I sat down at the desk and _______ why my father’s letter ______ yet. I _______ to ask him to send me some money at once.

Choose the best answer.

15 years ago, when I came back, the City _____ with 800,000 motorbikes and two million bicycles on the roads.

Choose the best answer.

"He greeted her. She really ______ better than when he________ her last week." - "Yes, she _____."

1. Choose the correct words to complete the table.

(Chọn các từ chính xác để hoàn thành bảng.)

2. Complete the sentences using the past perfect. Use the affirmative, negative or question form of the verbs.

(Hoàn thành câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Sử dụng dạng khẳng định, phủ định hoặc câu hỏi của động từ.)

Ali missed the flight because the plane had already left.

1. We recognised the woman in the photo because she _____ next door to us.

2. We decided not to buy that book for Dad. We thought he _____ it before.

3. By lunchtime, I _____ the key anywhere.

4. After we _____ the homework, we played the game.

5.  Tereza looked bored in the cinema. _____ she _____ the film before?

6. My grandparents liked the new restaurant. They _____ Indian food before.

7. Meryem couldn't play basketball with us because she _____ her arm.

8. The teacher was very angry with that boy. What _____ he _____ wrong?

1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the past perfect.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng dạng đúng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

We knew him. (we / meet / him / twice before)

We had met him twice before.

1. I was happy when they gave me that ring.

(it / belong to / my aunt)

_______________________________________

2. Eva was worried. (she / not do / the work)

_______________________________________

3. The field was dry. (it / not rain / for weeks)

_______________________________________

4. Ben's phone was broken. (he / drop / it again)

_______________________________________

5. We were unhappy. (we / lose / the match)

_______________________________________

6. I got there late. (I / fall asleep / at home)

_______________________________________

7. Sophia was excited. (what / she / find / ?)

_______________________________________

8. We were worried. (they / get lost / ?)

_______________________________________

2. Complete the sentences using the correct past perfect or past simple form of the verbs in the box.

(Hoàn thành các câu bằng cách sử dụng dạng quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn đúng của các động từ trong khung.)

My brothers looked nervous because they hadn't ridden on a roller coaster before.

1. Cara ate some of her sandwiches and then she _____ the coffee.

2. I knew that song because I _____ it last week.

3. It was nice to meet Igor yesterday. I _____ to him before.

4. They had studied hard for the exam, so they _____ any problems with the questions.

5. When we arrived at the bus station, the bus _____ two minutes earlier.

6. First we went for a swim, and after that we _____ tennis with our friends.

7. I enjoyed going to Rome on holiday. I _____ Italy before.

8. He opened the door and _____ the postman holding out a letter.

1. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu bằng dạng Quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. By the time she was twenty, Silvia _______  (travel) all over the world.

2. They were hungry because they _______ (not eat) their breakfast.

3. _______ (you/finish) your homework before you went out last night?

4. Five minutes into the film, I realised I _______ (see) it before.

5. _______ (you/try) Mexican food before you went to that restaurant?

6. James was satisfied when he changed class because he _______ (not be) happy there for a long time.

2. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn phương án đúng.)

1. We were very tired because we went/had gone to bed late the night before.

2. Had you ever visited a zoo before you went / had been there last month?

3. We waited / had waited in line for two hours when the ticket office finally opened.

4. I had already read / already read the book, so I knew how the film ended.

5. When Katie finally passed / had passed her piano exam, she had taken it five times!

6. When I got to class, I realised I forgot / had forgotten to bring my homework.