Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

A. In groups, read the information about teenagers in the US. Which facts do you think are surprising? Not surprising?

(Thực hành theo nhóm, đọc thông tin về thanh thiếu niên ở Mỹ. Bạn nghĩ sự thật nào đáng ngạc nhiên? Cái nào không đáng ngạc nhiên?)

How Teenagers Use Technology in the US 72% look at their smartphone as soon as they wake up.  85% share photos on social media.  100% who have a smartphone write text messages, making it the most popular feature. 78% use Internet search engines to help with school work.  41% send their teachers emails.  45% use the Internet almost all the time.  90% play video games on a computer or a game console.  61% watch TV shows on the Internet, not on a traditional TV.

 

B. Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành các câu. Sử dụng các từ trong khung.)

D. Read the article. Match the words to the definitions.

(Đọc bài viết. Nối các từ với các định nghĩa.)

Do you speak “elephant”?

As humans, we communicate using the senses of sight, touch, and hearing. We send messages with body language, we greet friends with touch and we speak using words to show our emotions and ideas. Animals don't communicate in as many ways as humans – for example, they don't have language like we do – but many animals do also use the senses of sight, touch, and hearing. A good example of this is elephant communication.

Like humans, elephants understand each other by looking at each other's body language. To send a message, they use their whole body, or individually their heads, eyes, mouth, ears, trunk, tail, or feet. For example, elephants spread their ears to show anger. And while humans shake their heads to disagree elephants do this to show they are happy.

As with humans, touch is also very important between elephants. Just like a human mother holds her baby, a mother elephant regularly touches her young calf with her trunk. Elephants also show they are friendly when they touch other elephants. And when they want to have fun, they hold each other by the trunk and pull, like in this photo. Even if they can’t laugh like a human, elephants have a great sense of humor.

Elephants have very large ears, which means they can hear other elephants from as far as 2.5 miles away. Like humans, they can also copy sounds and make their own sounds that seem to communicate basic human words and phrases like, “Hello,” “I love you,” and “Let's go.”

calf (n): a young elephant

E. Are these actions done by humans, elephants, or both? Underline the supporting information in the article.

(Những hành động này được thực hiện bởi con người, voi hay cả hai? Gạch chân thông tin hỗ trợ trong bài viết.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Archaeological records, paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally, the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle anatomical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific tasks. This evidence, as well as studies of tool use, indicates that right- or left-handedness extends far back in the history of Homo sapiens. Populations of earlier hominids such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have been predominantly right-handed as well.

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Archaeological records, paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally, the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle anatomical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific tasks. This evidence, as well as studies of tool use, indicates that right- or left-handedness extends far back in the history of Homo sapiens. Populations of earlier hominids such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have been predominantly right-handed as well.

Question: The fact that the Inuit cut meat by holding it between their teeth is significant because___________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Archaeological records, paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally, the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle anatomical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific tasks. This evidence, as well as studies of tool use, indicates that right- or left-handedness extends far back in the history of Homo sapiens. Populations of earlier hominids such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have been predominantly right-handed as well.

Question: The word “clues” in line 14 is closest in meaning to __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Archaeological records, paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally, the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle anatomical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific tasks. This evidence, as well as studies of tool use, indicates that right- or left-handedness extends far back in the history of Homo sapiens. Populations of earlier hominids such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have been predominantly right-handed as well.

Question: The word “other” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Archaeological records, paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-handed.

Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).

Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit. Occasionally, the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-handers).

Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle anatomical differences between the two sides of the brain. The variation between hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific tasks. This evidence, as well as studies of tool use, indicates that right- or left-handedness extends far back in the history of Homo sapiens. Populations of earlier hominids such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis seem to have been predominantly right-handed as well.

Question: What does the author say about Cro-Magnon paintings of hands?