8. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence using the past simple and the past perfect. Start with the word given.
(Viết lại các câu sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành. Bắt đầu với từ đã cho.)
1. I had dinner. I watched TV
After _____________________.
2. We bought a newspaper. We had a coffee
After _____________________.
3. We played tennis. We went home
After _____________________.
4. I went to sleep. My cousin phoned
When _____________________.
5. Messi scored two goals. We arrived at the match.
When _____________________.
6. The children did the housework. Their mother got home.
When _____________________.
1. After I'd had dinner, I watched TV.
(Sau khi tôi ăn tối, tôi đã xem phim.)
2. After we had bought a newspaper, we had a coffee.
(Sau khi chúng tôi đã mua một tờ báo, chúng tôi đã uống cà phê.)
3. After we had played tennis, we went home.
(Sau khi chúng tôi chơi tennis, chúng tôi đã về nhà.)
4. After I had gone to sleep, my cousin phoned.
(Sau khi tôi đi ngủ, anh họ tôi đã gọi điện.)
5. After Messi had scored two goals, we arrived at the match.
(Sau khi Messi ghi hai bàn, chúng tôi đã đến trận đấu.)
6. After the children had done the housework, their mother got home.
(Sau khi bọn trẻ làm xong việc nhà, mẹ chúng đã về nhà.)
Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề
2. Look at the examples of the past perfect highlighted in the text in exercise 1. Find all the other examples. Complete rule a in the Learn this! box.
(Nhìn vào các ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành được đánh dấu trong văn bản ở bài tập 1. Tìm tất cả các ví dụ khác. Hoàn thành quy tắc a trong phần Learn this!)
LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
a. We form the past perfect with (1) _____ or (2) _____ and the past participle.
b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.
When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.
c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.
Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.
After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.
3. Read rules b and c in the Learn this! box. Explain the difference in meaning between the sentences below.
(Đọc các quy tắc b và c trong phần Learn this! Giải thích sự khác biệt về nghĩa giữa các câu dưới đây.)
1. When he threw away the computer, Howells forgot about the bitcoins.
2. When he threw away the computer, Howells had forgotten about the bitcoins.
4. Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành các câu. Sử dụng dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)
1. After I _____ (leave) the newsagent's, I realised I _____ (forget) to buy a paper.
2. When I got to the shopping centre, most of the shops ____ already _____ (close).
3. We didn't have any bread because I ____ (not go) to the baker's.
4. My sister wasn't there when l got home because she __________ (go) to the cinema.
5. Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence, using after.
(Viết lại từng cặp câu thành một câu, sử dụng sau.)
1. I bought a lottery ticket. Then I went home.
2. I went to the cosmetics store. Then I went to the hairdresser's.
3. I paid for the flowers. Then I left the shop.
4. Jim did some shopping. Then he caught the bus home.
6. Complete the text with the phrases below. Use the past perfect.
(Hoàn thành văn bản với các cụm từ bên dưới. Sử dụng quá khứ hoàn hảo.)
buy his ticket; not check the numbers; lose; lost his ticket; with the lottery; take the lottery company
When Martyn Tott learned that he (1) _____, he was, of course, delighted. He (2) _____ months earlier at his local newsagents. He (3) _____ at the time, but he knew he was the winner because he always chose the same six numbers. But there was a problem. He (4) _____! Martyn Tott’s computer records proved that he was the winner, but the lottery company refused to pay him without a ticket. Two years later, he was almost penniless. He (5) _____ to, court, but (6) _____ the battle. He said he wished he had never played the lottery!
7. Work in pairs. Discuss the explanations for the situation or event using the past perfect. What had happened?
(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận về những lời giải thích cho tình huống hoặc sự kiện sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Chuyện gì đã xảy ra?)
1. The car drove onto the pavement and hit a lamp post.
(Xe hơi lao lên vỉa hè và đâm vào cột đèn.)
2. A cleaner found a wallet under the seats in the cinema.
(Một nhân viên quét dọn đã tìm thấy một cái ví dưới dãy ghế trong rạp chiếu phim.)
3. The boy opened the envelope, read the letter and started to dance around.
(Cậu bé mở phong thư, đọc thư và bắt đầu nhảy múa.)
8. Complete the text with the clauses below (a-f). Add the correct relative pronoun to the start of each clause.
(Hoàn thành văn bản với các mệnh đề bên dưới (a-f). Thêm đại từ tương đối đúng vào đầu mỗi mệnh đề.)
We walked up the steps and knocked on the door, (1) _____. For a minute or two, we heard nothing. Then Alex, (2) _____, knocked again. Almost immediately the door opened. There stood a man in a formal, black suit (3) _____. He smiled and invited us into the hall, (4) _____. "Lord Bingley, will be here shortly," said the man and left. I took out my phone (5) _____, but the battery was completely dead. You should've recharged it," said Alex, (6) _____. "I did," I said. "Something strange is happening."
a. I always carried in my pocket
b. was probably in fashion a hundred years ago
c. we stood and looked at the paintings on the wall
d. was heavy, dark and wooden
e. footsteps echoed loudly as he explored the impressive room
f. had insisted on coming with me
6. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)
1. I didn't have any chocolate because my sister _____ (eat) it.
2. I couldn't buy the magazine because I _____ (forget) to bring my wallet with me.
3. I didn't recognise my cousin. He _____ (grow) a beard.
4. We couldn't get home because we (miss) _____ the last bus.
5. After I (write) the answer, I realised I _____ (make)a mistake.
6. I didn't watch the programme because I _____ (see) it before.
7. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành các câu. Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ trong ngoặc.)
1. I _____ (can't) remember where l _____ (leave) my keys.
2. Last Saturday, l _____ (eat) at a Japanese restaurant. I ______ (never eat) Japanese food before that.
3. I _____ (find) a £10 note that I _____ (lose) last year.
4. Last weekend I _____ (meet) a girl who _____ (be born) in the same hospital as me.
5. I ______ (not play) volleyball because I _____ (hurt) my hand.
6. The pavement _____ (be) wet because it _____ (rain).
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
My uncle wishes he _______time when he was young.
1. Read the example of the past perfect. Then look at the timeline and answer the question below.
(Đọc ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành. Sau đó nhìn vào dòng thời gian và trả lời câu hỏi bên dưới.)
When I got home, somebody had tidied my room.
(Khi tôi về đến nhà, ai đó đã dọn dẹp phòng của tôi.)
2. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của các động từ trong ngoặc.)
1 Tom _____________(take) his bike apart and was trying to fix it.
2 She took out a letter which she ____________(keep) in a drawer for years.
3 When I clicked ‘buy’, the price ____________(increase).
4 I was cross when the computer suddenly switched off, because I ____________(not save) my document.
5 He couldn’t move back to London because he____________(sell) his flat there.
3. Complete the text with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành văn bản với dạng quá khứ hoàn thành của các động từ trong ngoặc.)
A family in Wales has tried, without success, to get their hands on £5,000 which belongs to them. Six months ago, Richard Williams found a note inside a book. It was from his father, Allan Jones, who (1)_____________ (die) two years earlier. The note told Richard about a metal box with £5,000 inside – money that his father (2)_____________ (save up) during his lifetime. Before he died, his father (3)_____________ (bury) the box in the garden, near the house. Then he (4)_____________ (write) a note for the family. He (5)____________ (draw) a small map too, showing the exact location of the money.
Unfortunately, since Allan’s death, the Williams family (6)_____________ (do) some building work. They (7)_____________ (add) two rooms to the back of house – directly on top of the buried money! ‘If we tried to get the money now, we’d cause too much damage. It would cost more than £5,000 to repair it,’ says Richard, who (8)_____________ (not know) anything about his father’s money until he found the note.
4. Rewrite the following sentences using one past perfect verb and one past simple verb.
(Viết lại các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng một động từ quá khứ hoàn thành và một động từ đơn quá khứ.)
1 I bought a ticket, then I checked the numbers.
After I’d bought a ticket, I checked the numbers.
2 We bought some chicken, then we made dinner.
When ___________________________
3 My parents went out, then I got home.
When ___________________________
4 The sun came out, then we arrived at the beach.
After ___________________________
5 I took my bike apart, then I cleaned every piece.
After ___________________________
6 It got dark, then we arrived at the hotel.
When ___________________________
7 I spoke to my dad, then I applied for the job.
After ____________________________
8 She read the letter, then she began to laugh.
When ___________________________
5. Look at the updates showing what Callum did yesterday. Then write more sentences like the example. Use the past perfect and the past simple.
(Hãy xem các bản cập nhật cho thấy những gì Callum đã làm ngày hôm qua. Sau đó viết thêm các câu như ví dụ. Sử dụng quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn.)
1 get up / have breakfast
After he’d got up, he had breakfast.
2 have breakfast / go shopping
________________________
3 buy a skateboard / meet friends for lunch
________________________
4 finish his homework / practise the guitar
________________________
5 have dinner / watch a DVD
________________________
6 read a magazine / go to bed
________________________
People________how to dye their clothes even before they knew how to read and write.
