5. Complete the text with the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành văn bản với các động từ trong ngoặc.)

• Use would + verb (where possible)

• Use used to + verb (where would is not possible)

• Use the Past Simple (where would or used to are not possible)

 

Left or right?

Today, 75% of cars drive on the right, but it ¹didn't always use to be (not always be) like that. In fact, everybody used to travel on the left! In Roman times, roads ²_________ (be) dangerous and travellers ³_________ (carry) swords in their right hands.

Travellers on horses ⁴_________ (ride) on the left side of the road so that the right hand was free to use the sword. Then Napoleon ⁵_________ (change) the rule. Why? Because he was a revolutionary! Before the French Revolution, the aristocracy ⁶_________ (travel) on the left and poor people ⁷_________ (stay) on the right. After the Revolution, the aristocracy joined the poor people on the right and driving on the right ⁸_________ (become) the new law. What about the rest of the world? China, Portugal, Sweden and parts of Canada used to drive on the left and only changed the law during the mid-twentieth century. More than fifty countries including the UK, Australia, Japan and India still drive on the left today.

2. Read the learn this! box. Underline an affirmative, a negative and an interrogative example of used to in the dialogue in exercise 1.

(Đọc khung Learn this! Gạch dưới một ví dụ khẳng định, phủ định và nghi vấn của used to trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 1.)

3. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of used to and the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại với dạng đúng của used to và các động từ bên dưới.)

Mum: I ¹__________ opposite the Palace Cinema when I was ten.

Alice: ²__________ you __________ there often?

Mum: Yes. But we ³__________. It wasn’t our fault – we ⁴__________any money for tickets.

Alice: So how did you get in?

Mum: We ⁵__________ outside the fire exit and run in when somebody opened it!

Alice: I can’t believe you ⁶__________ that! You’re always telling me how important it is to be honest!

Mum: Well, yes. I ⁷__________very naughty, but I grew out of it.

5. Complete these sentences with the correct form of used to / didn’t use to and the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành các câu này với dạng đúng của used to / didn’t used to và các động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. She____________ (be) a student, but she finished her university course in June.

2. She____________ (eat) meat, but now she has chicken sometimes.

3. I____________ (like) cats, but I prefer dogs now.

4.____________(enjoy) TV, but now I find most of the programs boring or annoying.

5. He ____________ (speak) a foreign language, but he started going to Spanish lessons last year.

6. Read the Look out! Box. Listen and decide if the sentences contain be / get used to used to or both.

(Đọc khung Look out! Nghe và quyết định xem các câu chứa be / get used to used to hay cả hai.)

7. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer about what you used to be like at the age of five. Use the following prompts.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hỏi và trả lời về những gì bạn đã từng như thế nào vào năm tuổi. Sử dụng các lời nhắc sau đây.)

1. Be afraid of the dark (sợ bóng tối)

I used to be / didn’t use to be afraid of the dark.

(Tôi đã từng / không từng sợ bóng tối.)

2. Listen to stories at bedtime

(nghe kể chuyện trước khi đi ngủ)

3. Watch a lot of cartoons

(xem rất nhiều phim hoạt hình)

4. Have piano lessons

(học piano)

5. Walk to school on my own

(tự đi bộ đến trường)

8. SPEAKING Find out more about your partner’s childhood. Use the correct form of used to. What did he or she use to. 

(Tìm hiểu thêm về thời thơ ấu của đối tác của bạn. Sử dụng hình thức đúng của used to. Anh ấy hoặc cô ấy đã từng)

1.2 used to

(đã từng)

We use used to plus the infinitive without to to describe past situations or habits that are different now.

I used to go ice skating. (I don't go now.)

She didn't use to be confident. (She's confident now.)

Tạm dịch

Chúng ta dùng used to cộng với động từ nguyên thể không to để diễn tả những tình huống hoặc thói quen trong quá khứ khác với bây giờ.

Tôi đã từng đi trượt băng. (Tôi không đi bây giờ.)

Cô không quen tự tin. (Bây giờ cô ấy tự tin.)

1 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại với dạng đúng của used to và động từ trong ngoặc.)

Maria: Let me see that photo. Hey, you ¹_________ (have) long hair! I didn't know that.

Sam: I know. I was about fourteen then. I ²_________ (be) a fan of heavy metal.

Maria: My brother ³_________ (like) heavy metal. He often went to concerts with friends. But he ⁴_________ (not invite) me.

Sam: I ⁵_________ (not go) to concerts. The tickets were too expensive. But I ⁶_________ (listen) to CDs a lot. What about you? What kind of music ⁷_________ (you / listen) to when you were younger?

Maria: I ⁸_________ (enjoy) listening to pop music and dancing with my friends.

Sam: ⁹_________ (you / go) to discos?

Maria: Not really. We were too young. But my dad ¹⁰_________ (take) me to pop concerts sometimes. I loved those.

2 Complete the sentences with used to / didn't use to and the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành các câu với used to / didn't used to và các động từ bên dưới.)

1 They _________ in Canada. Then they moved to the USA.

2 You can buy a laptop quite cheaply now. They _________ a lot more.

3 I _________ the guitar. I started learning it last month.

4 That shop _________ computers. It was a bookshop.

5 My sister _________ skiing every winter, but now she prefers snowboarding.

6 I _________ milk with every meal, but now I always have water.

7 My dad _________ dinner every evening, but now my sister and I usually do it.

8 I really enjoyed chess when I was younger, but I _________very often.

1. Decide if the statements about road travel in the 1960s true (T) or false (F). Compare with a partner.

(Quyết định xem những câu nói về du lịch đường bộ trong những năm 1960 là đúng (T) hay sai (F). So sánh với bạn cặp.)

1. Roads used to be quieter.

2. People used to talk about traffic pollution.

3. Cars didn't use to have seat belts.

4. Children would play video games on long journeys.

5. GPS didn't exist so people would follow maps.

3. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS and answer the questions.

(Đọc TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP và trả lời câu hỏi.)

1. Which sentences in Exercise 1 describe past actions?

(Những câu nào trong bài tập 1 diễn tả hành động trong quá khứ?)

2. Which sentences in Exercise 1 describe past states?

(Những câu nào trong bài tập 1 diễn tả trạng thái quá khứ?)

Tạm dịch:

4. Rewrite the statements using would. If would is not possible, use used to.

(Viết lại các mệnh đề sử dụng would. Nếu không thể dùng would thì dùng used to.)

1. Air travel was cheaper than now.

Air travel used to be cheaper than now.

2. Air travel was more comfortable.

3. The flight from London to New York took longer.

4. People smoked on the plane.

5. People wore their best clothes to travel by air.

6. Airports didn't have so many security checks.

6. Write six sentences about your life when you were ten. Use used to or would. Use the suggestions in the box or your own ideas.

(Viết sáu câu về cuộc sống của bạn khi bạn mười tuổi. Sử dụng used to hoặc would. Sử dụng các gợi ý trong hộp hoặc ý tưởng của riêng bạn.)

clothes you wore                                             sports you did

food you liked / didn't like                              things you read

music you listened to                                      your bedroom

I didn't use to like mushrooms or green beans.

(Tôi không thích nấm hay đậu xanh.

used to                                                                      

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to.

(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng đúng của used to.)

1   I know this town well. We ______________ (visit) here a lot when I was younger.

2   You ______________ (love) swimming. Why don’t you like it now?

3   Your dad is fantastic at football. ______________ he ______________ (play) a lot?

4   Our town ______________ (have) good sports facilities, but now there’s a great new sports centre.

5   She sounds American. ______________ she ______________ (live) in the USA?

6   I ______________ (argue) a lot with my dad, but we get on really well now.

7   He speaks Spanish really well because he ______________ (go) to university in Madrid.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to. Use the word in brackets and any other necessary word.

(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng đúng của used to. Sử dụng từ trong ngoặc và bất kỳ từ cần thiết nào khác.)

1   (sea) We didn’t use to live near the sea, but we live near it now.

(Chúng tôi đã không sống gần biển, nhưng bây giờ chúng tôi sống gần biển.)

2   (glasses) __________________________________, but I wear them now.

3   (milk) __________________________________, but I don’t drink it now.

4   (dogs) __________________________________, but I’m not afraid of them now.

5   (stamps) __________________________________, but he doesn’t collect them now.

3. Complete the sentence in five different ways with used to (affirmative or negative) and the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu theo năm cách khác nhau với used to (khẳng định hoặc phủ định) và các động từ trong ngoặc.)

When I was eight years old, …

1   (eat) _____________________________

2   (wear) _____________________________

3   (play) _____________________________

4   (like) _____________________________

5   (be afraid) _____________________________

4. Look at the pictures of Jackie twenty years ago. Complete the questions with the correct form of used to and the verbs below. Then write the answers.

(Hãy nhìn những bức ảnh của Jackie hai mươi năm trước. Hoàn thành các câu hỏi với dạng đúng của used to và các động từ bên dưới. Sau đó viết câu trả lời.)

1   Did she use to live in London?

(Cô ấy đã từng sống ở London phải không?)

     No, she used to live in Paris.

(Không, cô ấy từng sống ở Paris.)

2   _____________________________short hair?

     _____________________________

3   _____________________________in a shop?

     _____________________________

4   _____________________________football at weekends?

     _____________________________

5   _____________________________a tracksuit?

     _____________________________

5. Tick the correct phrase to complete the sentences.

(Đánh dấu vào cụm từ đúng để hoàn thành câu.)

1   She moved to Canada two years ago, but she _________ living in a cold country.

a   didn’t use to ☐   

b   hasn’t got used to ☐

2   I _________ angry a lot, but I’m much calmer now.

a   used to get ☐               

b   got used to ☐

3   They _________ like the same music, but they don’t now.

a   used to ☐                       

b   got used to ☐

4   I like your new glasses. _________ wearing them?

a   Did you use to ☐

b   Have you got used to ☐

5   I hated this flat when we moved in, but I _________ it now.

a   used to ☐               

b   have got used to ☐

2. Rewrite the sentences using used to.

(Viết lại câu sử dụng used to.)

1 In the 1990s, people chose very bright colours.

In the 1990s, people ______________ very bright colours.

2 Many women wore tight jeans and cowboy boots.

Many women ______________ tight jeans and cowboy boots.

3 It was stylish for men to wear white socks.

It ______________ stylish for men to wear white socks.

4 Tattoos and body piercings weren't as popular as they are now.

Tattoos and body piercings ______________ as popular as they are now.

5 Supermodels such as Cindy Crawford and Claudia Schiffer became famous.

Supermodels such as Cindy Crawford and Claudia Schiffer ______________ famous.

6 Was short hair fashionable?

______________ fashionable?

3. Tick the correct sentence in each pair. Sometimes both sentences are correct.

(Đánh dấu vào câu đúng trong mỗi cặp. Đôi khi cả hai câu đều đúng.)

When we went on family summer holidays:

1. a We used to set off very early in the car. ☐

   b We would set off very early in the car. ☐

2. a One summer we drove all the way to Spain. ☐

    b One summer we would drive all the way to Spain. ☐

3. a I used to think it was amazing that Mum and Dad could find the way. ☐

    b I would think it was amazing that Mum and Dad could find the way. ☐

4. a We wouldn't have GPS in those days. ☐

   b We didn't use to have GPS in those days. ☐

4. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in capitals.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho có nghĩa tương tự câu thứ nhất. Sử dụng từ viết hoa.)

1. When she was young, Helen didn't get on very well with her cousin Madeline. USE

When she was young, Helen __________________ very well with her cousin Madeline.

2. I wasn't fair-haired as a baby. DIDN'T

I ________________fair-haired as a baby.

3. Though they shared a bedroom for many years, Tina and her brother Oliver never fell out. WOULDN'T

Though they shared a bedroom for many years, Tina and her brother Oliver ___________.

4. Kim looked up to her team-mate Ellie until she discovered that Ellie was a cheat. USED

Kim ___________ her team-mate Ellie, until she discovered that Ellie was a cheat.

5. We hated playing football on cold afternoons. HATE

We ___________ playing football on cold afternoons.

6. At every match, the fans started singing at the beginning of the match. WOULD

At every match, the fans ___________ singing at the beginning of the match.

7. You thought you'd always be skinny, but now you're sixteen, you're very well-built. THINK

You ___________ you'd always be skinny, but now you're sixteen, you're very well-built.

6. Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

(Đọc đoạn văn và chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

The Airbus A380 is the largest passenger plane in the world. The Boeing 747 ¹ _____ the biggest airliner in the world, but the A380 has around forty percent more space. The A380 carries enough fuel for it to take ² _____ in Dubai and land in Los Angeles without stopping. The journey takes sixteen hours and twenty minutes. In the past, passengers ³ _____ have to cope with a lot of noise during journeys, but the A380 is much quieter than other similar planes. A380s are now owned by nine airlines in Europe, Australia, Asia and the Middle East, so if you have set ⁴ _____ on a long flight from any of these regions, it ⁵ _____  have been on an A380.

1 A would be

B used to be

Cused to

2 A up

B over

C off

3 A should

B would

C could

4 A off

B up

C back

5 A must

B can't

C might