1 Read the article. What qualities does she think young people should have to set up their own business successfully?

(Đọc bài viết. Cô ấy nghĩ những người trẻ nên có những phẩm chất gì để thành lập doanh nghiệp của riêng mình thành công?)

Amelia Humfress is a 24-year-old entrepreneur whose aim is to make her own company, Steer, the best in the world for teaching people how to make their own websites. She has decided that it is the courses of Steer that can make it different from other companies. The courses vary from web design to computer coding. They focus more on the learners' chances to experience and practice rather than theoretical lessons. Amelia did not start out setting up such a school. It was when she was looking for a web design course for herself that the idea for the company Steer came to her. Her plan grew slowly. At first, she lacked confidence, but she then found an office where she could start the business. Soon her business grew quickly. Amelia thinks that more young people should start the businesses that they dream about. It is just a lack of confidence, not any other factor that holds them back.

2 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the article with suitable words.

(Hoàn thành bài viết với những từ thích hợp.)

At the age of sixteen, Nellie Bly read an article in her local newspaper which argued that women were not able to do the same jobs ¹__________ men. Furious, she wrote an anonymous article in reply and sent it to the paper. The paper's editor was so impressed ²__________ he offered her a job: Nellie was now a journalist!

At that time, female journalists mostly wrote about fashion and gardening, but Nellie had other ideas. She was determined to be an investigative journalist ³__________ wrote about serious issues, like women's rights and the problems of factory workers. But when Nellie accused companies ⁴__________ treating workers badly, they refused to buy advertisements in the paper, so the editor stopped Nellie's investigations.

⁵__________ 1887, Nellie moved to the New York World newspaper, where the owner, Joseph Pulitzer, helped her to do undercover work. For example, Nellie pretended to be insane so that she could become a patient at a psychiatric hospital in New York and find out ⁶__________ the conditions there. As a result of Nellie's shocking discoveries, the authorities changed the way they cared ⁷__________ mentally ill patients. This was probably her greatest success ⁸__________ an investigative journalist.

2 Read the article again. Underline the verbs in the -ing form.

(Đọc lại bài viết. Gạch dưới các động từ ở dạng -ing.)

1 Read the article. What is the problem Boyan Slat is trying to solve? What is his solution?

(Đọc bài viết. Vấn đề Boyan Slat đang cố gắng giải quyết là gì? Giải pháp của anh ấy là gì?)

There are very few people who come up with a world- changing idea during their lifetime - but to come up with it while you are still a student is even more unusual. But that is exactly what Dutch teenager Boyan Slat has done. Environmental Impact magazine interviewed him.

EIM: What is the problem that you identified?

BS: Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans, where the waves break it up into tiny pieces. This pollution kills millions of sea creatures every year.

EIM: Hasn't there been any action to stop it?

BS: Very little, even though campaigners have been calling for it for years.

EIM: And you've worked out a way to tackle the problem.

BS: Yes. My invention would float on the surface of the ocean and gradually clean it up by collecting around 20 billion tonnes of plastic from the water.

EIM: What would you do with all that plastic?

BS: Rather than throwing this away, it could be recycled and sold for about $500 million a year.

EIM: And how would your floating invention be powered?

BS: It would take energy from the waves and sun, so it would never run out of it!

2 Read the article and answer the questions.

(Đọc bài viết và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1 What was her great interest as a young girl?

(Mối quan tâm lớn của cô ấy khi còn là một cô gái trẻ là gì?)

2 What is Silent Spring about?

(Silent Spring nói về cái gì?)

Rachel Carson, an ecologist, a biologist, and a writer, was born in 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania. As a small girl, she was an avid reader and soon showed a keen interest in the natural world and writing. ¹_________ She graduated from Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham University) in 1929, studied at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, and received her MA in zoology from Johns Hopkins University in 1932.

Initially, Rachel Carson worked for the US Bureau of Fisheries as a part-time science writer. ²_________ She then spent the next few years serving as a marine scientist and editor for the US Fish and Wildlife Service. There, she became famous for her writings on environmental pollution and the natural history of the sea, ³_________ Climate change, rising sea-levels, melting Arctic glaciers, decreasing animal populations are part of her work. In her most influential book, Silent Spring (1962), Rachel Carson strongly disapproved of the widespread use of pesticides such as DDT. ⁴_________

and called for new policies to protect humans and the environment. She then was criticised by the chemical industry and some government officials, but never gave up. ⁵_________ Additionally, it helped spark the environmental movement, resulting in the establishment of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. That's why she was called the mother of modern ecology.

Rachel Carson died of breast cancer in 1964. However, her work continues to inspire new generations to protect all the living world.

Reading Strategy (Chiến lược đọc)

When you are doing a gapped-sentence task:

(Khi bạn đang thực hiện một nhiệm vụ có câu bị ngắt quãng)

1 Fill in the easiest gaps first.

(Điền vào chỗ trống dễ nhất trước.)

2 When you have filled all the gaps, try the extra sentences in each gap again to make sure they don't fit.

(Khi bạn đã lấp đầy tất cả các khoảng trống, hãy thử lại các câu thừa trong mỗi khoảng trống để đảm bảo rằng chúng không phù hợp.)

3 Read the whole text again, checking your answers.

(Đọc lại toàn bộ văn bản, kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn.)

3 Read the Reading Strategy. Match sentences A-F with gaps 1-5 in the text. There is one extra sentence.

(Đọc Chiến lược đọc. Ghép câu A-F với khoảng trống 1-5 trong văn bản. Có một câu bị thừa.)

A Part of her job was to interest the public in marine and freshwater biology via radio programmes.

(Một phần công việc của cô là thu hút sự quan tâm của công chúng đến sinh vật biển và nước ngọt thông qua các chương trình phát thanh.)

B Firstly, Silent Spring suggested a much needed change in people's way of life.

(Thứ nhất, Silent Spring gợi ý một sự thay đổi rất cần thiết trong cách sống của mọi người.)

C She warned the public about its negative long-term effects

(Cô ấy đã cảnh báo công chúng về những tác động tiêu cực lâu dài của nó)

D She had her first story about animals published in a magazine when she was in the fourth grade.

(Cô ấy có câu chuyện đầu tiên về động vật được đăng trên một tạp chí khi cô ấy học lớp bốn.)

E in which she always concerned herself about the impact that humans made on the natural world.

(trong đó cô ấy luôn quan tâm đến tác động mà con người tạo ra đối với thế giới tự nhiên.)

F The book eventually prompted a change in national policy, leading to the enactment of a national ban of pesticides on agricultural farming.

(Cuốn sách cuối cùng đã thúc đẩy một sự thay đổi trong chính sách quốc gia, dẫn đến việc ban hành lệnh cấm toàn quốc về thuốc trừ sâu trong canh tác nông nghiệp.)

4 Read the text again. Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F.

(Đọc văn bản một lần nữa. Nhưng câu sau đúng hay sai? Viết T hoặc F.)

1 Rachel Cason realised the real danger of pesticides when she was still a young girl.

2 She majored in the scientific study of animals and their behaviour when she took her MA in 1932.

3 Most of Rachel Carson's works were about environmental issues.

4 Her opposition to using pesticides on agricultural farming was supported by the chemical industry.

5 Silent Spring brought about positive changes in the government's policies.

6 A lot of people keep on protecting the planet after her death.

Read the story of Helen Keller's life as a young girl. Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F.

(Đọc câu chuyện về cuộc đời của Helen Keller khi còn là một cô gái trẻ. Những câu sau đúng hay sai? Viết T hoặc F.)

Helen Keller was born in 1880 in Alabama, with the ability to both see and hear, like any normal child. She began to speak when she was six months old and to walk at the age of one. But six months later, she contracted a serious illness, possibly meningitis. After she had recovered, her mother noticed that Helen didn't react to sounds, or when she waved her hand in front of Helen's face. The illness had left her both deaf and blind. As she grew up, she learned to communicate with the daughter of the family cook using sign language that they invented together. But Helen was an unhappy child and often flew into a rage. Her mother was very patient with her and tried to help her. She had read about the successful education of another deaf-blind child, and when Helen was seven she contacted a special school for blind children in Boston. The director of the school suggested that Helen work with Anne Sullivan, who was herself visually impaired and a recent graduate of the school. It was the beginning of a 49-year relationship between pupil and teacher.

Anne travelled to Helen's home and immediately began teaching her 'finger-spelling': spelling out words on the palm of Helen's hand. The first word she tried to teach her was 'doll' - Anne had brought Helen a doll as a present. But Helen could not make the connection between the letters and the objects and became very frustrated. After about a month, however, there was a breakthrough. Helen realised that the movements of Anne's fingers on her palm, while she poured water over her other hand, signified 'water. By the end of the day Helen had learned thirty new words.

1 As a baby, Helen had normal sight and hearing.

2 A relation of one of the family servants gradually taught Helen sign language.

3 Helen's mother was very unhappy and frequently got cross with her.

4 Anne Sullivan was partially blind.

5 The first word that Helen understood through finger-spelling was 'doll'

Read the following passage about Mary Kingsley, a famous British explorer. Answer the questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau về Mary Kingsley, một nhà thám hiểm nổi tiếng người Anh. Trả lời các câu hỏi.)

Mary Kingsley was born in London in 1862, the daughter of a doctor and a domestic servant. She received little formal education, as in those days, people did not think that it was necessary to educate girls. However, she spent time in her father's library, which was full of travel and science books.

In 1892, her parents died and Mary inherited £4,300, a considerable sum at that time. Mary had always dreamed of travelling to Africa, and with the money, she could now do this. She arrived in Sierra Leone in August 1893, lived with local people, and learned from them the skills needed to survive in the jungle. She often went alone into dangerous areas to collect plant and animal specimens. She returned to Britain in 1893 just to be back in Africa the next year. She daringly climbed the 4,040-metre-high Mount Cameroon by a previously unknown route wearing a long black dress.

In 1895, Mary went home again, taking some rare specimens, including a live reptile which she gave to a zoo. Mary wrote two books with her experiences - Travels in West Africa and West African Studies - in which she described the way of life of the indigenous people. She was very critical both of the missionaries who set out to convert the local people and of British colonial rule. She thought they damaged the African culture. Her fame grew and she gave lectures all over Britain. She went out to Africa again in March 1900, but before she could travel north to the part she loved, she died of typhoid in South Africa at the age of 37.

1 Why was Mary not sent to school?

2 How could she afford to travel to Africa?

3 What did she wear to climb Mount Cameroon?

4 What was her opinion of missionaries and of British colonial rule?

5 How many expeditions to Africa did she go on? 6 What did she die of?

2. Read the newspaper article. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

(Đọc bài báo. Các câu này đúng (T) hay sai (F)?)

1 Omar Bashir is in his twenties. ☐

2 He doesn't have a university qualification. ☐

3 He finally got a job. ☐

HOW TO SELL YOURSELF

WOULD YOU STAND OUTSIDE THE LONDON UNDERGROUND LOOKING FOR A JOB? THAT IS PRECISELY WHAT 23-YEAR-OLD OMAR BASHIR DID LAST SUMMER. ¹______HE STAYED THERE FROM 7 A.M. HOLDING UP A BIG SIGN WHICH READ: “economics graduate with experience. Looking for career opportunies. Could you help me? Grab my CV here.”

Omar had qualified with a good degree in economics from City University, London, and had been working in a basic marketing job for some time. In order to further his career, he had applied for nearly 100 jobs, but without success. He said, ‘The graduate job market is extremely competitive and good grades are not good enough. ²______’

So he took advice from his father, who he greatly admired. His father and uncle used to have market stalls in Petticoat Lane which sold women’s clothes and mobile phone accessories. ³______ ‘I picked up a lot of my selling skills from there,’ Omar said. His father told him, ‘You can sell anything.’ So then Omar decided that the time had come to tell himself.

On the second day, Omar stood outside another underground station, this time Cannon Street, with the same sign. ⁴______Early on the second day, however, he was noticed by the CEO of a top insurance firm, who took his CV. He was called in for an interview that afternoon, and at the end of the day he had a job. David Ross, who gave Omar the interview, said, ‘Omar’s work ethic, inclusive nature, willingness to learn and humility means that he has fitted straight into the organisation.’

3. Read the Reading Strategy. Then match sentences A-F with gaps 1-4 in the text. There are two extra sentences.

(Đọc Chiến lược đọc. Sau đó nối các câu A-F với khoảng trống 1-4 trong đoạn văn. Có hai câu bị thừa.)

A It's important to do something that catches people's attention.

B He thought the job offer was too good to be true.

C He found a place at the top of the stairs at Bank Station in the heart of London's financial district.

D Although the first day had resulted in some interesting conversations, nothing had come of them.

E Omar used to help them at weekends.

F He was offered £5,000 more than his current job.

A for and against essay

I can write a for and against essay about education and work.

Preparation

More university students should stay in education after their first degree in order to get another qualification. Do you agree?

(Nhiều sinh viên đại học nên tiếp tục học sau khi có bằng cấp đầu tiên để có được bằng cấp khác. Bạn có đồng ý không?)

1. Read the task and the model essay. Does the writer agree or disagree with the statement in the task?

(Đọc bài tập và bài luận mẫu. Người viết đồng ý hay không đồng ý với nhận định trong bài tập?)

Agrees ☐

(Đồng ý)

Disagrees ☐

(Không đồng ý)

1 Nowadays, the number of students who do a second degree is increasing. In order to decide if this is a good thing, we must examine the advantages and disadvantages of taking a postgraduate course.

2 It is certainly true that there is fierce competition for employment, and candidates need something extra in order to get a good job. We should also remember that people with a second qualification can expect to earn more when they start work. Moreover, postgraduate courses offer the chance to focus on a topic which you find particularly interesting. What could be better than spending an extra two or three years studying something you find fascinating?

3 However, there are disadvantages too. Firstly, it is an expensive option. You often need to pay for your place at university and also support yourself financially during the course. What is more, many young people are understandably impatient to leave education by the time they finish their first degree.

4 On balance, I believe it is a good idea to continue your studies beyond a first degree, if possible. Although it may be expensive, an extra qualification allows you to find a better job and earn more money.

2. Study the model essay and answer the questions. In which paragraph (1-4) does the writer...

(Nghiên cứu bài văn mẫu và trả lời câu hỏi. Trong đoạn văn nào (1-4) tác giả...)

1

describe the arguments for? ☐

How many does she / he describe? ☐

2

describe the arguments against? ☐

How many does she / he describe? ☐

3 give his / her opinion? ☐

Reading

4. Read the article. Match sentences A-G with gaps 1-5 in the article. There are two extra sentences.

(Đọc bài viết. Nối các câu A-G với khoảng trống 1-5 trong bài. Có hai câu bị thừa.)

A She asked Ann and Elizabeth to take part in her research, and they agreed.

B The thing that most twins always want to know is which of them was born first.

C When she was an adult, she made several attempts to locate her, but without success.

D There she met her husband and went back with him to settle in the USA.

E The reason for so much emotion is that twin sisters Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel have not seen each other since they were babies, 78 years ago.

F She doesn't think her adoptive mother had any idea she was a twin.

G In 2001, Ann collected a copy of her own birth certificate from the register office and the search began.

Together again – after 78 years!

Imagine the scene: two sisters in their seventies running to greet each other with tears in their eyes. 'Lizzie, Lizzie, how lovely!' shouts one. How lovely to see you in the flesh!' cries the other. ¹________ According to the Guinness World Records, the two women are the longest separated twins ever.

The twins' mother, Alice Lamb, was unable to bring up both girls because she was a domestic cook in the house of an employer. She gave Ann up for adoption because she was the healthier of the two. Ann was fourteen when she found out she was adopted, and once her adoptive mother died, she decided to start looking for her birth mother. ²________ With the help of her daughter, she also found a copy of Alice's birth certificate, and later the two discovered that Alice had married a man who already had a son called Albert.

Alice's stepson had died, but his son was able to tell them that Alice had a daughter in the USA. That was how they found out about Elizabeth.

Alice Lamb had originally intended for both of her daughters to be adopted, but in the end, she had to keep Elizabeth because of her poor health. At first, Elizabeth stayed with an aunt and then with a woman who did not care for her properly, prompting Alice to take Elizabeth to live with her in the house where she worked. Elizabeth remembers her mother telling her when she was fifteen that she was a twin, but at the time she thought it would be impossible to find her sister. ³________ So she was more than delighted to receive Ann's letter in 2014, and minutes after reading it, the two were talking on the phone.

The reunion was arranged in Los Angeles at the invitation of psychologist Nancy Segal, who has been studying twins separated at birth for nearly forty years. During her studies, Ms Segal has discovered that twins growing up in completely different families can share many similar attitudes. ⁴________ At first glance, the sisters appeared to have quite a lot in common: both had married men called Jim, who had recently died, so both women became widows. Both of them were grandmothers and evidence from photos shows that they both like to pose in front of the camera.

However, there were also big differences in their lives. After leaving school, Arn worked for a printer until she got married, and remained her life in the town where she was born. Elizabeth left school to work in a sweet shop, but after going to night school, she joined the navy and moved to Malta. ⁵________ Ms Segal is going to take a DNA sample from each twin and study all their similarities and differences to establish whether Ann and Elizabeth are identical or non-identical twins. As for the sisters themselves, the most remarkable thing for them is that after such a short time, they feel like they have known each other all their lives.

5. Read the text again with the missing sentences. Underline the word or words in the sentences before or after the gap that link with vocabulary in the missing sentences.

(Đọc lại đoạn văn với những câu còn thiếu. Gạch dưới từ hoặc các từ trong câu trước hoặc sau chỗ trống liên kết với từ vựng trong câu còn thiếu.)