4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.

(Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. Dylan and Rob _____ (go) out for a trek after they _____ (put) their boots on.

2. Everyone _____ (be) surprised to learn that she _____ (swim) with dolphins before.

3. When Tom _____ (be) halfway through the race, Angela _____ (already/cross) the finish line.

4. Last Sunday, I _____ (meet) a famous person. I _____ (never /meet) a famous person before that.

5. After Rob and his friends _____ (get) their swimming medals, they _____ (go) to a restaurant and _____ (celebrate) together.

5 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think about the last time you were:

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nghĩ về lần cuối cùng bạn)

1 exhausted.

2 amazed.

3 bad-tempered.

4 disappointed.

Find out why your partner felt that way. Use appropriate past tenses.

(Tìm hiểu lý do tại sao bạn của bạn cảm thấy như vậy. Sử dụng thì quá khứ thích hợp.)

A: Why were you exhausted?

B: Because I'd been playing tennis all morning. Why were you exhausted?

A: Because I’d had a really bad night’s sleep.

(A: Tại sao bạn lại kiệt sức?

B: Bởi vì tôi đã chơi tennis cả buổi sáng. Tại sao bạn lại kiệt sức?)

A: Bởi vì tôi đã có một đêm khó ngủ.)

5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms of the Past Perfect.

(Chia các động từ sau thành dạng đúng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. We _____ (buy) the tickets before we went to the dolphin show.

2. _____ (you/win) a medal before the 2020 Winter Olympics?

3. Steve _____ (not/book) a safari tour yet when I spoke to him.

4. _____ (you/meet) a famous person before the event yesterday?

5. My aunt let me use her camera on holiday only after she _____ (show) me how to use it.

6. Make complete sentences using the prompts and the Past Perfect or the Past Simple. Add commas where necessary.

(Tạo các câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng gợi ý và thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn. Thêm dấu phẩy ở chỗ cần thiết.)

1. We / start / our / safari / tour / after / tour guide / show / us / map.

2. Ed / visit / over thirty countries / by the time / he / turn / thirty-five.

3. Before / Anna / go / the Maldives / last month / she / never / swim / dolphins.

4. When / we / come back / to / campsite / Emma / finish cooking / our meal.

5. you / meet / famous person / by the time / you / finish / holiday / Los Angeles / last month?

7. Combine the sentences using the Past Perfect and the words in brackets.

(Kết hợp các câu sau dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành và các từ trong ngoặc.)

1. Mary came to the stadium at 11:00. Susan left the stadium at 10:30. (WHEN)

2. Susan and Sam put on suncream. Then they start trekking in the mountains. (BEFORE)

3. William competed and came first in lots of marathon races. A year later, he was offered to join the national team. (AFTER)

4. Jim explained all the rules. Then we started putting up tents in the camp. (AFTER)

5. Jim reached the finish line. We arrived at the marathon event. (BY THE TIME)

8. Use the time words to make sentences that are true for you, using the Past Perfect and your own ideas. Tell your partner.

(Dùng các từ chỉ thời gian để tạo các câu đúng với bạn, dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và ý tưởng của riêng bạn. Nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

• before • when • after • by the time

I had never trekked in the mountains before I went on that trip.

(Tôi chưa bao giờ đi leo núi trước khi tôi đi chuyến đi đó.)

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect.

(Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. Stephen _____ (win) several medals for running by the time he was 18.

2. Mary _____ (receive) some good news, so she was in a great mood.

3. _____ (you/go) on a safari before you went there last month?

4. I didn't go on the camping trip because my friends _____ (forget) to tell me about it.

5. The coach _____ (help) his athletes review the strategy twice before the race began.

6. We _____ (practise) putting up different types of tents three times before we joined the trekking trip.

7. Eric _____ (never/read) about giraffes online before he went on the safari.

8. _____ (she/ever/swim) with dolphins before her holiday last week? 

5. Rearrange the words to make complete sentences.

(Xếp các từ sau để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.)

1. left / Anna / had / remember / where / she / running shoes. / couldn't / her /

2. The / completed / runner / in/ he/ a hundred / 21. / by the time / race / was / had

3. Jane / she / completed / relieved / her / because/ assignment/ had / before / deadline / yesterday. / the / felt

4. After / the / at/ everyone/ office, arrived / started / our/ we / meeting. / had

5. plenty / of / had /suncream / and / packed / water. / Jamie / they / before / went / on / safari yesterday. / a 

2. Listen and read a text about Tuấn, a child with autism. What were his difficulties? How did he overcome his challenges?

(Nghe và đọc một đoạn văn về Tuấn, một đứa trẻ mắc chứng tự kỷ. Những khó khăn của anh ấy là gì? Anh ấy đã vượt qua thử thách của mình như thế nào?)

Tuấn had been diagnosed with autism by the time he turned one. When he went to primary school, he was a disruptive student in class. However, his teachers soon realized that Tuấn was gifted in maths and science. He had been able to solve complex maths problems before he turned eight.

His teachers worked hard to provide him with the support he needed. Tuan was eventually able to focus more in class and became more self-disciplined.

At home, Tuan initially screamed to get things done. However, Tuan's parents were lenient with him. They did not give up on him, because since he was two, they had always believed that his intelligence should be nurtured. He finally managed to maintain long talks and direct eye contact with people around because his parents had spent time interacting with him every single day, little by little.

Looking back, it was clear that Tuan's journey had not been an easy one. However, his story reminds us that a child with autism can succeed with the right support and guidance.

Tạm dịch:

Tuấn đã được chẩn đoán mắc chứng tự kỷ khi cậu lên một tuổi. Khi còn học tiểu học, anh là một học sinh quậy phá trong lớp. Tuy nhiên, các giáo viên sớm nhận ra rằng Tuấn có năng khiếu về toán và khoa học. Cậu bé đã có thể giải được những bài toán phức tạp trước khi lên 8 tuổi.

Các giáo viên của anh ấy đã làm việc chăm chỉ để cung cấp cho anh ấy sự hỗ trợ mà anh ấy cần. Cuối cùng, Tuấn đã có thể tập trung hơn trong lớp và trở nên tự giác hơn.

Ở nhà, ban đầu Tuấn la hét đòi làm việc. Tuy nhiên, bố mẹ Tuấn lại rất khoan dung với anh. Họ không từ bỏ cậu, vì từ khi cậu mới hai tuổi, họ đã luôn tin rằng trí thông minh của cậu cần được nuôi dưỡng. Cuối cùng, anh ấy đã cố gắng duy trì những cuộc nói chuyện dài và giao tiếp bằng mắt trực tiếp với mọi người xung quanh vì bố mẹ anh ấy đã dành thời gian tương tác với anh ấy mỗi ngày, từng chút một.

Nhìn lại, có thể thấy chặng đường của Tuấn không hề dễ dàng. Tuy nhiên, câu chuyện của anh nhắc nhở chúng ta rằng một đứa trẻ mắc chứng tự kỷ có thể thành công nếu có sự hỗ trợ và hướng dẫn đúng đắn.

3. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Complete the examples in the table using the verb forms in blue and underlined in the text in Exercise 2.

(Đọc TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP. Hoàn thành các ví dụ trong bảng bằng cách sử dụng các dạng động từ màu xanh lam và được gạch chân trong đoạn văn ở Bài tập 2.)

GRAMMAR FOCUS (Ngữ pháp trọng tâm)

Past Simple and Past Perfect (Quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành)

• Past Simple is used to describe a completed action in the past.

(Quá khứ đơn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ.)

His teachers soon (1) __________ that Tuan was gifted in maths and science.

He finally (2) __________ to maintain long talks and direct eye contact with people around.

• Past Perfect is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. It is often used with time indicator: before, after, by the time, until, already, just... to indicate the relationship between two past events.

(Quá khứ hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Nó thường được dùng với chỉ thời gian: trước, sau, theo thời gian, cho đến khi, đã, chỉ... để biểu thị mối quan hệ giữa hai sự kiện trong quá khứ.)

Tuấn (3) _______ with autism by the time he turned one.

He (4) _________ to solve complex maths problems before he turned eight.

4. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.)

Back in the 1990s, my daughter with learning difficulties often (1) _________    (face) a lot of challenges in school. Before she moved to her secondary school, she (2) _________   (struggle) to keep up with her classmates and often (3) _________  (fall) behind in her studies. At grade 6, she (4) _________  (find) it difficult to concentrate in class  and (5) _________  (have) trouble recalling information. She (6) _________  (receive) extra support from her teachers and (7) _________  (be given) additional tutoring outside of school until she could manage on her own.

5. In pairs, talk about a person with one of the learning difficulties you know or read about. What kind of support did that person receive from other people? Use the Past Simple and Past Perfect.

(Theo cặp, hãy nói về một người gặp một trong những khó khăn trong học tập mà bạn biết hoặc đọc được. Người đó đã nhận được sự hỗ trợ nào từ người khác? Sử dụng thì Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ hoàn thành.)

3. Complete the sentences using the clues given. You may need to add words or change word forms.

(Hoàn thành câu sử dụng những gợi ý cho sẵn. Bạn có thể cần thêm từ hoặc thay đổi dạng từ.)

1 William / recently / gain / recognition / his / work / in biology.

2 We have / no / have / access to / the Internet / for days.

3 Trương Bửu Lâm's / books / have / make / a contribution to / the history of / Vietnamese nationalism.

4 She / make / headlines / when she / discover / the new drug /to cure / heart disease.

5 I / do / not / compete in / the swimming competition / when I / be younger.

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If only you ________________ (sort out) the recycling properly, I wouldn't have to waste time doing it!

2. It's high time you _____________ (start) cycling to school. It's not too far.

3. If only the motorway ______________- (not build) near the nature reserve, it wouldn't have affected the local wildlife so much.

4. I'd rather you ___________ (use) reusable bags while shopping instead of those plastic ones.

5. I wish my parents ___________  (ask) me what breed of dog I wanted to get before buying me a poodle.

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành của các động từ dưới đây.)

1 After we __________ eating, we __________ to go to the shops.

2 By the time they __________ at the theatre, the play __________

3 He only realised he __________ his keys when he __________ to his front door.

4 Jerry __________ delighted because he __________ all his exams.

5 When everyone __________ a chocolate, she __________ the box away.

6 They __________ out for a pizza after they __________ the project.

7 I __________ about the accident because no one __________ me about it.

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms of the Past Perfect.

(Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. _____ (that athlete/ compete) at the Olympics before last year?

2. Ed and Bob _____ (meet) before they joined the same swim team.

3. The competition _____ (end) by the time we got to the stadium.

4. We started our safari tour only after our guide _____ (arrive).

5. How many medals _____ (she/win) by age 19?

6. Mary _____ (not/sing) in public before 2021.

7. Anna _____ (never/ swim) with dolphins until she went to the Maldives last month.

8. By the end of last summer, we _____ (go) on seven different camping trips.’

4. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.

(Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ ra phần gạch chân cần sửa lại cho đúng.)

1. Before (A) he went (B) to Africa, James has never been (C) on (D) a safari. 

2. When (A) Wendy had arrived (B) at the gym, her teammates hadn't started (C) training yet (D).

3. Did you meet (A) a famous person by the time (B) you finished (C) your holiday in L.A. last (D) month? 

4. After (A) Joe has won (B) the marathon, he got (C) his medal and put (D) it around his neck. 

5. By the time (A) David put up his tent (B), the clouds covered (C) the stars already (D).

2. Circle the correct verb form in the following sentences.

1. Last year, Tâm enrolled/ had enrolled in a course aimed at helping students to overcome learning difficulties.

2 Lam's parents attributed / had always attributed his poor performance at school to his laziness until they noticed his symptoms of ADHD.

3. After I struggled/ had struggled with reading fluency for years, I decided / had decided to seek professional help.

4. My dyspraxic friend practiced / had practiced handwriting exercises diligently for months, which led / had led to a significant improvement.

5. Although Hoa received/ had received a diagnosis of dyscalculia in elementary school, she never lost / had never lost hope in her ability to succeed in mathematics.

6. By the time the professor finished / had finished his lecture, students already took / had already taken detailed notes on the key points.

3. Complete the sentences with the correct tense, Past Simple or Past Perfect, of the verbs in the box.

1. Although the teacher had explained the concept of dysgraphia, I still found it difficult to write neatly.

2. My doctor _____ medication to help me focus after I had admitted to having ADHD.

3. As a child, I _____ behind in mathematics class by the time I was diagnosed with dyscalculia.

4. My classmate told me about her experiences with dyscalculia after she _____ a diagnosis

5. Although I had worked closely with a tutor, I still _____ with certain grammatical structures.

6. By the time he _____ from high school, he _____ many challenges related to his learning difficulties.

5. Identify and correct ONE mistake in each sentence.

1. After developing my self-discipline, I had noticed a noticeable improvement in my academic performance.

2. Nam's parents had never gave up on him no matter how complicated his condition of autism was.

3. Once I understood my learning difficulties, I started to seek the support I needed.

4. Although Minh spent days cramming all the history lessons, he still failed his exams.

5. Before he had been warned against his aggressive behaviors several times by the disciplinary council, the bully finally got expelled from school.

6. Complete the sentences with your learning abilities / learning difficulties using Past Simple and Past Perfect.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với các khả năng/khó khăn trong học tập của bạn dùng thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. By the time I turned 6, I _____.

2. When I went to primary school, I _____.

3. When I went to primary school, I _____.

4. Before I graduated from secondary school, I _____.

Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

3. Make complete sentences using the prompts and the Past Perfect or the Past Simple.

(Tạo các câu hoàn chỉnh dùng các gợi ý và thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc thì quá khứ đơn.)

1. Jack / run / three marathons / by the time / he/he / 25.

2. I / have / terrible week / at work / so / I decide / book! holiday.

3. We / never / sleep under stars / before / we / go camping / last month.

4. Before /Tim / visit / Egypt / last week / he never / ride a camel.

5. they / swim / dolphins / by the time / they / finish / holiday /Thailand / last weekend?

4. Combine the sentences using the words in brackets and the Past Perfect.

(Kết hợp các câu sau dùng các từ trong ngoặc và thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. The marathon finished at 9:55 a.m. I turned on the TV at 10 a.m. (BY THE TIME)

2. The elephants left the area. Ten minutes later, we arrived there. (BEFORE)

3. Park rangers closed the mountain trail. I arrived at the foothill. (WHEN)

4. I arrived home. I realised I lost my camera. (AFTER)

5. We spoke to the travel agent twice. Then we booked our adventure holiday. (BEFORE)

4. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the underlined part that needs correction.

(Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ ra phần gạch chân cần sửa lại.)

1. Martha had tried to get (A) a promotion for (B) years, and then she has decided (C) to move to another company and became (D) the manager in six months.

2. The company has had (A) its annual meeting in London every year since (B) it went into business, but (C) this year they had held (D) meeting in Manchester.

3. Vicky have been (A) unemployed for (B) more than six months since she (C) started (D) working here.

4. A stranger tried (A) to open the house door when (B) Mindy saw him, so (C) she phoned (D) her husband for help.

5. Before (A) she moved (B) to Hà Nội, she has lived (C) in Nha Trang for (D) three years.