Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
The stethoscope is considered as an iconic symbol of medicine. It was invented in 1816 by the French physician René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826). At that time, in order to diagnose the patient’s conditions, doctors had to use immediate auscultation, which means placing their ears directly on the chests of patients to hear the heartbeat. This could be quite embarrassing for female patients. One day, while walking in Paris, Dr. René saw two children sending signals to each other using a long piece of solid wood and making scratching sounds with a pin. It was this observation that inspired his invention of the stethoscope. First, he tested this idea by rolling up a piece of paper and then used it to listen to his patient’s chest. He was surprised that he was able to hear his patient’s heartbeat more clearly. Dr. René later experimented with different types of materials until he finally decided upon a hollow tube of wood. He called this instrument “the cylinder” due to its shape. Then, he changed its name into the “stethoscope” because from the Greek ‘stethos’ means chest and ‘skopein’ means examining. In 1851, an Irish doctor named Arthur Leared invented a binaural version of the stethoscope. A year later, George Cammann created a flexible, rubber stethoscope and it was put into mass production. Throughout the 20th century, many minor improvements were made to the stethoscope to reduce weight, improve acoustic quality, and filter out external noise. Electronic versions of the stethoscope were also introduced to further amplify the sounds inside the body. During the Covid-19 pandemic, digital stethoscopes are seen as a major rise in popularity. A digital stethoscope is able to convert an acoustic sound to electronic signals which can be transmitted to a personal computer, and doctors can remotely listen to it.
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
The stethoscope is considered as an iconic symbol of medicine. It was invented in 1816 by the French physician René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826). At that time, in order to diagnose the patient’s conditions, doctors had to use immediate auscultation, which means placing their ears directly on the chests of patients to hear the heartbeat. This could be quite embarrassing for female patients. One day, while walking in Paris, Dr. René saw two children sending signals to each other using a long piece of solid wood and making scratching sounds with a pin. It was this observation that inspired his invention of the stethoscope. First, he tested this idea by rolling up a piece of paper and then used it to listen to his patient’s chest. He was surprised that he was able to hear his patient’s heartbeat more clearly. Dr. René later experimented with different types of materials until he finally decided upon a hollow tube of wood. He called this instrument “the cylinder” due to its shape. Then, he changed its name into the “stethoscope” because from the Greek ‘stethos’ means chest and ‘skopein’ means examining. In 1851, an Irish doctor named Arthur Leared invented a binaural version of the stethoscope. A year later, George Cammann created a flexible, rubber stethoscope and it was put into mass production. Throughout the 20th century, many minor improvements were made to the stethoscope to reduce weight, improve acoustic quality, and filter out external noise. Electronic versions of the stethoscope were also introduced to further amplify the sounds inside the body. During the Covid-19 pandemic, digital stethoscopes are seen as a major rise in popularity. A digital stethoscope is able to convert an acoustic sound to electronic signals which can be transmitted to a personal computer, and doctors can remotely listen to it.
When was the first stethoscope created?
-
A.
In 1781
-
B.
In 1816
-
C.
In 1826
-
D.
In 1851
Đáp án: B
Ống nghe đầu tiên được tạo ra khi nào?
A. Năm 1781
B. Năm 1816
C. Năm 1826
D. Năm 1851
Thông tin: It was invented in 1816 by the French physician René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec.
(Nó được phát minh vào năm 1816 bởi bác sĩ người Pháp René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec.)
Chọn B
One drawback of immediate auscultation was that __________.
-
A.
doctors couldn’t hear the heartbeat
-
B.
female patients didn’t approve this technique
-
C.
it was hard to diagnose the patient’s conditions
-
D.
it could be uncomfortable for doctors while examining female patients
Đáp án: D
Một nhược điểm của việc nghe thính chẩn tức thời là __________.
A. bác sĩ không thể nghe thấy nhịp tim
B. bệnh nhân nữ không chấp thuận kỹ thuật này
C. thật khó để chẩn đoán tình trạng của bệnh nhân
D. bác sĩ có thể không thoải mái khi khám cho bệnh nhân nữ
Thông tin: doctors had to use immediate auscultation, which means placing their ears directly on the chests of patients to hear the heartbeat. This could be quite embarrassing for female patients.
(các bác sĩ đã phải sử dụng phương pháp thính chẩn tức thời, nghĩa là đặt tai trực tiếp lên ngực bệnh nhân để nghe nhịp tim. Điều này có thể khá xấu hổ đối với bệnh nhân nữ.)
Chọn D
Which material was the first stethoscope made of?
-
A.
paper
-
B.
wood
-
C.
pin
-
D.
rubber
Đáp án: A
Vật liệu nào là ống nghe đầu tiên được làm bằng?
A. giấy
B. gỗ
C. ghim
D. cao su
Thông tin: First, he tested this idea by rolling up a piece of paper and then used it to listen to his patient’s chest. He was surprised that he was able to hear his patient’s heartbeat more clearly.
(Đầu tiên, ông thử nghiệm ý tưởng này bằng cách cuộn một tờ giấy lại rồi dùng nó để lắng nghe lồng ngực của bệnh nhân. Ông ấy ngạc nhiên rằng mình có thể nghe rõ hơn nhịp tim của bệnh nhân.)
Chọn A
Which improvements in the stethoscope that took place in 1852?
-
A.
Its name was changed.
-
B.
It was turned into a binaural version.
-
C.
It became lighter and had better sound.
-
D.
It was produced in large quantities.
Đáp án: D
Những cải tiến nào trong ống nghe diễn ra vào năm 1852?
A. Tên của nó đã được thay đổi.
B. Nó đã được chuyển thành phiên bản hai tai.
C. Nó trở nên nhẹ hơn và có âm thanh tốt hơn.
D. Nó được sản xuất với số lượng lớn.
Thông tin: In 1851, an Irish doctor named Arthur Leared invented a binaural version of the stethoscope. A year later, George Cammann created a flexible, rubber stethoscope and it was put into mass production.
(Năm 1851, một bác sĩ người Ireland tên là Arthur Leared đã phát minh ra phiên bản ống nghe hai tai. Một năm sau, George Cammann đã tạo ra một ống nghe cao su mềm dẻo và nó được đưa vào sản xuất hàng loạt.)
Chọn D
According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT __________
-
A.
Dr. René discovered the stethoscope while sending signals to his children.
-
B.
Many improvements and changes were made to the stethoscope.
-
C.
Electronic stethoscopes can increase the volume of internal sound.
-
D.
Digital stethoscopes allow distance diagnosing.
Đáp án: A
Theo đoạn văn, tất cả các câu sau đây đều đúng NGOẠI TRỪ __________
A. Tiến sĩ René đã phát hiện ra chiếc ống nghe khi đang gửi tín hiệu cho những đứa con của mình.
B. Nhiều cải tiến và thay đổi đã được thực hiện đối với ống nghe.
C. Ống nghe điện tử có thể tăng âm lượng của âm thanh bên trong.
D. Ống nghe kỹ thuật số cho phép chẩn đoán từ xa.
Thông tin: Dr. René saw two children sending signals to each other using a long piece of solid wood and making scratching sounds with a pin. It was this observation that inspired his invention of the stethoscope.
(Tiến sĩ René nhìn thấy hai đứa trẻ gửi tín hiệu cho nhau bằng cách sử dụng một miếng gỗ dài và tạo ra âm thanh cào bằng kim. Chính quan sát này đã truyền cảm hứng cho việc phát minh ra ống nghe của ông.)
Ông phát minh ra ống nghe sau khi nhìn thấy bọn trẻ truyền tín hiệu chứ không phải ông là người gửi tín hiệu cho bọn trẻ.
Chọn A
