Đề thi vào 10 môn Anh (chuyên) trường phổ thông Năng khiếu năm 2025

Đề bài

PART 1. LANGUAGE USE (4.00 pts) - Questions 1-80

Questions 1-40 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (2.00 pts)

Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

1. ___________ her better judgement, my mother invested all her retirement savings in cryptocurrency.

A. Against                  

B. Notwithstanding   

C. Without                 

D. In spite of

2. Burglars _________ with not only valuables but also sensitive company documents.

A. made off                

B. cleared out             

C. took off                 

D. bowed out

3. Please do not do me any favors. I do not like to be _________ to anyone.

A. befriended             

B. bewildered            

C. beholden                

D. begrudged

4. Jimmy was sent to prison for 3 years just for possession of __________ drugs.

A. elicit                      

B. explicit                   

C. illicit                      

D. implicit

5. With the passing of the Equality Act, the government wants to show its ________ commitment to women's rights.

A. unblinking             

B. unwavering            

C. unquestioned         

D. unquestioning

6. Her mother has warned her ________ not to respond to messages from strangers online.

A. most times             

B. many a time           

C. most of the time    

D. a many times

7. Just ___________! Life is miserable when you have to watch out for everything and everyone.

A. throw in the towel                                     

B. throw yourself a bone

C. throw a spanner in the works                    

D. throw caution to the wind

8. Jimmy received a court order for tax evasion offense, but with his reckless business practice, he ___________.

A. had seen it coming                                    

B. would get his coming

C. would not have come                                

D. had it coming

9. CEOs need to be __________ accountable for enabling the exploitation of the working class.

A. forced                    

B. made                      

C. held                       

D. turned

10. Be careful and __________. You might not be aware of what you are signing up for.

A. read the runes                                            

B. read the fine print  

C. read between the lines                               

D. read the room

11. While your essay is satisfactory, there are some points that need to be _________ with evidence and reasoning.

A. worn out                

B. fleshed out             

C. muscled out           

D. ironed out

12. Now is a good time to __________ your French before you transfer to the Paris office at the end of this year.

A. dust off                 

B. scrub off                

C. sweep away           

D. brush up on

13. ________ an ancient battlefield, the cave mural was painted using various pigmented minerals.

A. Exhibiting             

B. Demonstrating       

C. Displaying             

D. Depicting

14. __________ modelled after the symbol animal of France.

A. Situated atop the church spire is a brass figure of a rooster

B. Is atop the church spire situated a brass figure of a rooster

C. A brass figure of a rooster is situated atop the church spire

D. Atop the church spire situated is a brass figure of a rooster

15. We adopted a ____________ to keep our older dog company.

A. little brown playful poodle puppy            

B. playful little brown poodle puppy

C. brown little playful poodle puppy             

D. playful little poodle brown puppy

16. Since our budget is shrinking, we have to ___________. Let's start with the office massage chairs.

A. cut corners             

B. split hairs

C. cut ourselves some slack   

D. trim the fat

17. No sooner ___________ John burst into tears.

A. did he hear the voice of his love when     

B. had he heard the voice of his love when

C. had he heard the voice of his love than     

D. did he hear the voice of his love than

18. You are always expected to go the extra ___________

A. mile                                   

B. road                       

C. length                    

D. step

19. You ought to remind your teacher as she __________ about your bonus points.

A. would not do well to forget                      

B. might well have forgotten

C. as well as forgets                                       

D. might as well forget

20. Some schools are coming under ________ pressure from parents to censor content inappropriate for students.

A. peaking                  

B. boiling                   

C. mounting               

D. climbing

21. The security guard gave me a(n) ________ nod after glancing at my ID.

A. derogatory             

B. indicative               

C. perfunctory            

D. performative

22. All expenses during your trip should be covered _________.

A. providing you completing the project       

B. providing your completion of the project

C. providing you complete the project          

D. providing you completed the project

23. After the sudden change in leadership, it's a good idea to __________ before bringing up another major proposal.

A. let the dust settle   

B. let sleeping dogs lie

C. let that ship sail    

D. let bygones be bygones

24. His fiancé has given him a(n) _______ to get married, or she will break off the engagement.

A. order                      

B. ultimatum              

C. stipulation              

D. condition

25. To combat inflation, the government assembled an economic _________ in order to propose new policies.

A. think piece             

B. think tank              

C. thought bubble      

D. thought group

26. Ms. Sally needs someone to __________ at the school assembly tomorrow as she is quite sick.

A. pull her through    

B. bring her round to

C. fill her in on           

D. stand in for her      

27. Any luggage __________ at the airport will be confiscated and searched by police.

A. leaving unattended                                    

B. left unattended      

C. leaving unattending                                  

D. left unattending

28. That traitorous snake ___________ multiple times for his own benefit.

A. pulled the plug on people                          

B. threw people under the bus

C. threw people a curveball                           

D. pulled the rug out from people's feet

29. Our government is working with foreign construction companies to _______ the urban infrastructure problem.

A. disintegrate           

B. elevate                   

C. alleviate                 

D. propagate

30. __________, it started to malfunction just after a drop.

A. Though was the camera expensive                       

B. Expensive that the camera was

C. Expensive as the camera was                    

D. Though the camera be expensive

31. You need to realize that we are all on the same __________, and either we all survive or no one does.

A. page                       

B. wavelength            

C. cloth                      

D. boat

32. The __________ majority of students prefer blended learning to strictly online or face to face.

A. broad                     

B. deep                       

C. vast                        

D. high

33. The student performer's rapping over the 'Declaration of Independence' raised a few __________ in the audience.

A. hands                     

B. fists                        

C. eyebrows               

D. necks

34. Receiving warning of a(n) _________ storm, our family quickly devised a shelter plan.

A. dominant               

B. eminent                  

C. prominent              

D. imminent

35. We all paused our climb to admire the __________ beauty of the sun rising over the snow-cloaked peaks.

A. speechless              

B. ineffable                

C. unwritten               

D. breathless

36. The host would prefer___________ in formal attire.

A. for her guests to arrive                              

B. it if her guests arrived

C. her guests arriving                                     

D. that her guests arrive

37. While doing research for my history assignment, I went__________ reading about medieval conspiracy theories.

A. on a wild goose chase                               

B. down a rabbit hole

C. under the radar                                          

D. cold turkey

38. After years of thinking about it, Molly decided to __________ and get a tattoo.

A. eat her heart out    

B. chew the cud         

C. bite the bullet         

D. sink her teeth into it

39. It is crucial that the evidence ____________ by any non-authorized persons.

A. is not touched       

B. not be touched       

C. be not touched       

D. not to be touched

40. Independent studies are beginning to _________ doubt on the effectiveness of dietary supplements.

A. cast                        

B. shed                       

C. throw                     

D. bring

Questions 41-60

GUIDED CLOZE TEST (1.00 pts)

Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Guided Cloze 1

Black Mirror, created by British writer and satirist Charlie Brooker, is a critically _____41_____ anthology series that examines the _____42_____ of technology, society, and human psychology. First, _____43_____ in 2011, the show quickly gained _____44_____ for its hauntingly plausible depictions of near-future worlds dominated by technology. Brooker has described the series as inspired by The Twilight Zone, but reframed for a digital age, with each episode serving as a _____45_____ exploration of how modern innovations might twist human behavior in unexpected ways. The title Black Mirror refers to the reflective surface of a _____46_____ screen phones, televisions, tablets – symbolizing both a literal object and a metaphor for introspection in the age of technology. _____47_____ offering grand dystopias, the series often focuses on intimate stories: a woman resurrecting her partner through AI, or a social credit system that dictates a person's rights. The tone is contemplative, with a narrative rhythm that _____48_____ stillness and reflection over sensationalism. Its cultural significance lies in the way it _____49_____ invisible anxieties visible, _____50_____ the cost of progress without rejecting the values of technology. Through minimalism and emotional depth, each episode offers viewers a quiet meditation on a possible tomorrow.

41.

A. acclaimed                    

B. credited                 

C. applauded             

D. commended

42.

A. roundabouts                

B. crossroads              

C. intersections          

D. sidewalks

43.

A. being aired                  

B. airing                     

C. having aired           

D. having been aired

44.

A. recognition                  

B. awareness              

C. momentum            

D. favor

45.

A. self-contained             

B. self-serving            

C. self-imposed          

D. self-directed

46.

A. broken                         

B. switched-off          

C. turned-on               

D. glitching

47.

A. Besides                        

B. Thanks to              

C. With regards to     

D. Rather than

48.

A. favors                          

B. considers               

C. deepens                 

D. invites

49.

A. transforms                   

B. renders                   

C. imagines                

D. forces

50.

A. doubting                      

B. suspecting              

C. interrogating          

D. questioning

Guided Cloze 2

The Mohana fishermen of central Pakistan are a living link with some of the earliest moments of human history. _____51_____ from change by the inhospitability of their environment, they live a life which has _____52_____ altered in five millennia. Some call them Noah's children.

They live in floating villages on the _____53_____ of the Indus, in the flood plain of Sind, where for 200 miles the river cuts through what is _____54_____ desert wasteland. Few other living creatures survive there, _____55_____ the climate is harsh and unpredictable. The river, up to three miles wide at points, is too treacherous for _____56_____ the Mohana to navigate.

They live as they _____57_____ each person's role rigidly predetermined. There are three castes, based on the three traditional river trades: fishing, boat building and ferrying. The fishermen, or shikari, are the most unusual. They fish the shallow waters at the edge of the river, where the alluvial currents make it difficult to locate fish.

The solution is to use _____58_____ herons. Endowed with oils on the surface of their eyes which act as colour filters, these birds can _____59_____ the tiniest movements in the murky surface of the water and detect the fish below, which they then dive for and catch. For the shikari, these herons mean the difference between life and death.

51.

A. Separated                    

B. Independent          

C. Excluded               

D. Isolated

52.

A. seemingly                    

B. mostly                    

C. barely                     

D. certainly

53.

A. shores                          

B. currents                  

C. banks                     

D. edges

54.

A. otherwise                     

B. thus                        

C. unless                     

D. however

55.

A. because                        

B. so                           

C. for                         

D. but

56.

A. any but                         

B. some of                  

C. none but                

D. only

57.

A. have always been        

B. have always lived  

C. always had            

D. always lived

58.

A. trainee                         

B. training                  

C. trained                   

D. trainer

59.

A. dismiss                        

B. disclose                  

C. discharge               

D. discern

60.

A. so                                 

B. thus                        

C. that                        

D. such

Questions 61 - 80

OPEN CLOZE TEST (1.00 pts)

Complete each blank with ONE most suitable word. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Open cloze 1

African American newspapers in the 1930s faced many hardships. For _____61_____, knowing that buyers of African American papers also bought general-circulation papers, advertisers of consumer products often ignored African American publications. On the positive side, advertisers' discrimination _____62_____free the African American press _____63_____ advertiser domination since editors could print _____64_____ charged material more readily than _____65_____ the large national dailies, which _____66_____ on advertisers' ideological approval to secure revenues. Unfortunately, it also made the selling price of Black papers much higher than _____67_____ of general-circulation dailies. Often as _____68_____as two-thirds of publication costs had to come from subscribers or subsidies from community politicians and other interest _____69_____. And _____70_____ their editorial freedom, African American publishers often felt compelled to print a disproportionate amount of sensationalism, sports, and society news to boost circulation.

Open Cloze 2

Historians have long recognized the traditional Japanese sword, or nihonto, as one of the finest cutting weapons _____71_____ produced, but it has even been _____72_____ a spiritual entity. The adage "the sword is the soul of the samurai" reflects the sword's psychic importance, not _____73_____ to its wielder, but also to its creator, the master smith. Though _____74_____ classically regarded as artists, master smiths nevertheless exerted great care in the process of creating swords, no two of _____75_____ were forged exactly the same way. Over hundreds of hours, two types of steel were repeatedly heated, hammered, and folded together _____76_____thousands of imperceptible layers, yielding 77 a razor-sharp, durable edge and a flexible, shock-absorbing blade. Commonly, though optionally, the smith physically "signed" the blade using their secret forging. _____78_____ to leave an idiosyncratic structural signature. _____79_____  unique finished product reflected the smith's personal honor and devotion _____80_____ the craft, and today, the Japanese sword is valued for its artistic merit as well as historical significance.

PART 2. READING (2.50 pts) - Questions 81-105

For questions 81-88, read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

The Science Behind 'Cute Aggression'

Your urge to 'gobble up those chubby cheeks' has an evolutionary purpose.

A. If you've ever had the desire to hug a cute baby or animal super tight, you're part of the approximately 50% of people who experience what psychologists call "cute aggression." A physically enthusiastic response to a chubby one-year-old or a new puppy is just one example of what psychologists call a "dimorphous expression," or an incongruent display of emotion. Without proper context, these urges might seem puzzling, but recent studies show they not only make sense psychologically, but may also serve as an important protective mechanism.

B. Oriana Aragon, PhD, assistant professor of psychology at Clemson University, became interested in the scientific underpinnings of cute aggression in 2011 after she saw model Leslie Bibb say on Conan O'Brien that a puppy was "so cute she wanted to bash it." Aragon, at the time a graduate student at Yale University studying social psychology, called her dad to tell him about Bibb's aggressive response to cuteness. He asked a question that set years of future research into motion: Really, how different is wanting to bash a puppy than grandpa squeezing the baby's cheeks or grandma saying she wants to eat you up? "That's when it clicked," Aragon says. "We do all these weird things, like crying when we're happy or acting aggressively when we think something's cute."

C. Aragon began researching dimorphous expression in 2015, testing the hypothesis that people grimace or weep during happy moments instinctively to regulate positive emotions that overwhelm them. Since feeling emotionally and physically overwhelmed isn't sustainable, researchers have long presumed that the brain may respond with a seemingly contradictory expression to 'balance' out or shift the individual away from the other, all-encompassing emotion. The sudden desire to squeeze the baby could help regulate that sense of overwhelming cuteness, essentially bringing you down from the "high".

D. In a separate study in 2018, Aragon found another byproduct of dimorphous responses: something called "motivational orientation," which is our unconscious way of showing not just our emotions, but our intentions to the people around us. Expressing and understanding intent is important because it can help us coordinate actions toward people around us. For example, if you see a cute baby and respond with clenched fists and a quick approach, a mother may perceive you as overly excited and decide that this hyped-up interaction might be too much for her baby. She can then set a boundary by holding the baby herself. "Knowing someone's motivation helps the mom engage with the approacher's orientation," says Aragon.

E. Both Aragon and Stavroupoulous believe cute aggression and other expressions that don't necessarily match the scenario at hand may have important social and evolutionary implications. "When you think about small social groups and how they used to share caretaking of infants, it makes sense that we have these really distinct signals about how we are going to treat someone's baby," she says. Aragon also says it's possible our variety of reactions when we encounter a baby could teach babies about the nuance of emotional expression. "Babies are always decoding facial expressions, trying to map which expressions go in which situations," she says. "Receiving a variety of expressions in a variety of contexts could teach them that these expressions can occur even in positive situations."

F. Stavropoulous thinks there could be a more evolutionarily significant purpose behind the desire to squeeze a baby. Researchers found in a 2009 study that women who viewed images of cute babies exhibited more careful, slow, and deliberate behavior afterward, which Stavropoulous says could build on the idea that cute aggression is an adaptive mechanism to activate caretaking behaviors, which ultimately helps babies survive. "Maybe this feeling of 'I want to squeeze it' serves to remind us that this baby or animal is super fragile, and we are big adults, so we actually need to move carefully," Stavropoulous says. "It might be an odd but effective way to remind us that you could squish this, so don't do it."

Questions 81 – 85

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs A - F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

You may use any letter more than once.

81. behavioral changes in participants of a study

82. an educational effect that 'cute aggression' has on human infants

83. a 'cute aggression' remark made by a celebrity

84. a maternal response to signs of 'cute aggression

85. the likelihood of experiencing 'cute aggression'

Questions 86 – 88

Complete each sentence with the correct ending from the list A - G below.

86. People may express a contradictory emotion because ...

87. We implicitly convey our intentions to people so that ...

88. People's desire to squeeze a baby might indicate that ...

For questions 89-98, read the passage below and answer the following questions.

Why we find human-like robots and dolls so creepy

It seems obvious that the more human robots are, the more familiar we find them. But it's only true up to a point - then we find them disturbing

The "uncanny valley" is a characteristic dip in emotional response that happens when we encounter an entity that is almost, but not quite, human. It was first hypothesised in 1970 by the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori, who identified that as robots became more human-like, people would find them to be more acceptable and appealing than their mechanical counterparts. But this only held true to up a point. When they were close to, but not quite, human, people developed a sense of discomfort. If human likeness increased beyond this point, and they became very close to human, the emotional response returned to being positive. It is this distinctive dip in the relationship between human likeness and emotional response that is called the "uncanny valley".

Anything with a highly human-like appearance can be subject to this peculiar effect, but common examples are androids, computer game characters and life-like dolls. However, not all near-human robots are eerie, and the perception of eeriness varies from person to person. So what evidence exists for the effect and what properties of near-humans might make us feel so uncomfortable?

Since 1970, the uncanny valley effect has been explored from many perspectives, from the practical interest of roboticists to theoretical approaches from philosophers and experimental studies conducted by psychologists. Research started in earnest from 2005, when Karl MacDorman and Takashi Minato translated Mori's original paper into English. Interest in the area has since expanded quickly: so far, 510 academic papers reference the effect in 2015, compared to just 35 in 2004. Regardless, while the effect is easy to describe, and feels intuitively "right", it is notoriously difficult to research such a subjective concept. Academics are even engaged in an active debate as to whether the uncanny valley exists at all - Jari Kätsyri and colleagues recently reviewed the evidence and drew the conclusion that the effect remains hard to pin down.

Either way, the debate has not yet been won - although perhaps the most compelling evidence for the existence of the uncanny valley has just been published. Maya Mathur and David Reichling studied 80 real-world robots and found a clear valley effect in how much people liked and were willing to trust them. Their data showed the classic rise-dip-rise that Mori originally predicted. This was found with the original robots and also with CGI images built to systematically vary in human likeness. The challenge now is to explain just why this might be happening. At the moment, there are three theories that seem particularly promising.

First, the uncanny valley might occur at the boundary where something moves from one category to another, in this case, between non-human and human. Christine Looser and Thalia Wheatley looked at mannequin faces that were morphed into human faces and found a valley at the point where the inanimate face started to look alive. Second, a valley may also occur if we're able to believe that near-human entities possess a mind, as we do. A study by Kurt Gray and Daniel Wegner found that robots were only unnerving when people believed that they could think and experience things, and robots that did not seem to possess a mind were not frightening.

A final compelling area for future research is that the uncanny valley occurs because of mismatches between aspects of the robot's appearance and/or behaviour. Angela Tinwell's work has looked at many types of mismatch, including speech synchronisation, speech speed and facial expressions. In one 2013 study, near-human agents that reacted to a startling noise by showing surprise in the lower part of their face, but not the upper part, were found to be particularly eerie. The study suggested that this may even be reminiscent of the pattern of expressive behaviour exhibited by humans with psychopathic traits.

Android science progresses rapidly and is creating increasingly realistic robots. The uncanny valley would not exist if a robot were indistinguishable from a human because there would no longer be a relative dip in emotional response. One theory, that of an uncanny wall, suggests that it will always be possible to tell artificial from human because as robots become more realistic, we will also become more sensitive and will always be able to tell that something is not right. However, we're certainly not there yet, and we could eventually find that the uncanny valley effect was an artefact of this particular period in the history of artificial humans, when representations were easily distinguishable from human. Speaking as a researcher of the uncanny valley, I plan to enjoy its sense of subtle eeriness while it lasts.

Questions 89-92

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Write on the Answer Sheet:

TRUE                         if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                       if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN              if there is no information on this

89. The uncanny valley effect is strongest towards human-like robots.

90. The study of the uncanny valley effect exclusively attracts roboticists.

91. The majority of research papers on the topic are not in English.

92. Mathur and Reichling's experiment yielded results that agree with Mori's theory.

Questions 93-96

Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Questions 97 & 98

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

97. What can be said about Mathur and Reichling?

A. They wanted to disprove the existence of the uncanny valley.

B. They tested participants' response on both real robots and computer images.

C. Their research was one of the earliest in the field.

D. They found people were willing to trust robots that they like more.

98. The author believes that the uncanny valley

A. represents a human weakness.

B. does not have a meaningful impact on people's lives.

C. can always be overcome.

D. might no longer exist one day.

For questions 99-105, the following passage is an excerpt from Anne Frank's Diaries. Seven pieces of text have been removed. Choose from the texts A-J the one which fits each gap (99-105). There are THREE extra pieces of text that you do not need to use. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Text to choose:

A. We're opposites, she and I. I'm not trying to judge her, but I see that she's not a mother to me. I have to mother myself. I've let go of any hope in her and am charting my own path. I know what a mother should be, and I don't see any of it in her.

B. Margot never has to explain herself. She could break something or say something cruel, and no one would mind. But when I make the tiniest mistake, all eyes turn on me. I'm tired of tiptoeing around everyone else's moods. Why can't they try to understand mine for once?

C. But I wasn't angry - just sad. It was unfair of Father to pass judgment without understanding the situation. I would've given the book back on my own, without all the fuss.

D. They're not consistent with me. One moment I'm called sensible and deserving of honesty, the next a silly goose who thinks she knows it all from books. I'm not the little darling they used to laugh at. I have thoughts, plans, ideals - but I can't yet express them properly.

E. I sometimes wonder if they'd rather I just disappeared into the walls and stopped being a nuisance altogether.

F. I just wish - just once - I could see a result. Or hear one word of encouragement from someone who truly loves me.

G. I'm not jealous of Margot. I don't envy her looks or brains. I just want to feel that I matter, that Father sees me, understands me. But he doesn't see the difference in how he treats us. I hold on to him because my contempt for Mother is growing. It's through him that I try to preserve the last bit of family feeling I still have.

H. Sometimes I think God is testing me, now and for the future. I'll have to become good without a guide, without advice. Maybe that'll make me stronger in the end.

I. It's different with Father. I love him more than anyone, and when he praises Margot for being so clever, sweet, and pretty, I feel this ache inside. I want to be loved for who I am - Anne--not just because I'm his child.

J. Last night proved it again. Margot had been reading a book with beautiful pictures, put it down for a moment, and I picked it up. She returned, saw it in my hands, scowled, and snatched it back, accusingly. I still wanted to look, but she got angrier. Of course, Mother sided with her: "Margot was reading that; give it back."

PART 3. WRITING (3.50 pts) - Questions 106-130

Questions 106-115 WORD FORMATION (1.00 pts)

Provide the most suitable form of the given word in brackets to complete each space in the passage below. Write no more than ONE word for each space. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing mass surveillance and modern policing. China, for instance, has deployed Al-powered systems with facial recognition to monitor public spaces, using networks of millions of cameras. These tools have significantly improved the efficiency of ____106____ (HUNT), such as when Chinese authorities successfully tracked a fugitive in a crowd of 60,000 ____107____ (CONCERT) within minutes.

On another front, the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) employs AI to analyze vast amounts of global digital communication, identifying potential threats related to espionage and ____108____ (TERROR). AI systems detect linguistic patterns and unusual metadata in emails or phone calls that human analysts might ____109____ (LOOK), bolstering a nation's information defense amidst international tensions.

AI also supports ____110____ (COVER) police operations. Law enforcement in the UK has used Al to assist in fighting ____111____ (CRIME), such as online sexual harassment and grooming. Algorithms are used to monitor and detect alarming patterns on messaging platforms and chatrooms. Sometimes, they even accurately predict potential threats.

However, along with its just use, there are a plethora of ethical concerns. In ____112____(TOTAL) regimes, AI may be used to stem dissent, turning even a trusted ____113____ (CONFIDE) like close friends and family into ____114____ (KNOW) spies for the police. Furthermore, the growing popularity of generative art and deep-fakes ____115____ (FORGE) of evidence, which muddles critical judicial decisions. Therefore, as Al grows more powerful, societies must navigate the fine line between security and civil liberty, ensuring that the technology serves justice, not undermines it.

Questions 116-120 ERROR CORRECTION (0.5 pts)

Identify the FIVE errors in the following passage and correct them. Indicate the line at which mistakes are found, and how to correct them. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each error/correction.

Example:

1          The introduction for stricter environmental laws has been crucial in reducing pollution

2          in many countries. While industries often resist to new regulations, evidence suggests

3          that such policies can drive innovation and improve public health. In some cases,

4          however, enforcement is inconsistent, resulting in significant gaps between policy and

5          practice. Environmental activists argue that governments should increase investment

6          in renewable energy and phase fossil fuel subsidies. Without comprehensive approach,

7          efforts to mitigate climate changes are unlikely to succeed in the long term. International

8          cooperation, including knowledge-sharing and joint research initiatives, plays a vital role

9          to address global challenges. The effectiveness of environmental policy ultimately

10        depends on both political willness and public support.

Questions 121-130 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (2.00 pts)

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given in the brackets. Do NOT make any changes to the word given. You must write from THREE to EIGHT words, including the given word.

Example:

0. Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?

→ Do you ____________ you while you paint? (OBJECTION)

Write ONLY the missing words on the Answer Sheet:

121. Remember to complete all required fields before submitting your assignment. (SHOULD)

        Not _____________ submit your assignment.

122. Volunteering gives you the opportunities to develop yourself, so don't avoid them. (SHY)

        Try not to _________________ opportunities.

123. My mother taught me to be tolerant others who are different from us. (LET)

        It was from my mother ______________ live.

124. They lost twice in a row, so is certain they would be eliminated. (FOREGONE)

        With two ____________________________.

125. Jack did little besides occasionally visiting his elderly mother's nursing home. (EVERY)

         Visiting her nursing home __________________for his elderly mother.

126. We did not really expect that our little daughter instantly loved chemistry. (WATER)

         That our little daughter took _____________ us by surprise.

127. What he said was mostly pseudoscience, but some of it was true. (GRAIN)

          While what he said _____________________ pseudoscience.

128. The team did not make it to the finals because they were not performing at their best. (CYLINDERS)

         Had the team been ________________________ it to the finals.

129. Smoking became a habit for him, which severely affected his lungs. (TOLL)

         Becoming ____________________________________ his lungs.

130. The restaurant owner gave us complimentary champagne. (HOUSE)

         We were _________________________ restaurant owner.

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116.  Line 2 – resist to → resist         

117.  Line 6 – phase → phase out     

118.  Line 6 – comprehensive approach → a comprehensive approach       

119.  Line 7 – climate changes → climate change    

120.  Line 9 – plays → play

121. should you

122. be shy of

123. that I learnt to let others

124. defeats, their elimination was a foregone conclusion

125. was everything Jack did

126. to chemistry like a duck to water took

127. had a grain of

128. firing on cylinders

129. his habit, smoking took its toll on

130. given champagne on the house of the