Choose the word or phrase that is CLOSEST meaning to the underlined part.

The market near my house is always overcrowded with people.

Choose the word or phrase that is CLOSEST meaning to the underlined part.

Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.

Choose the word or phrase that is CLOSEST meaning to the underlined part.

Passengers complained about the lack of information when flights were cancelled.

Choose the best answer.

The results of the research are _______ at the end of the chapter.

Choose the best answer.

Students can easily ________ their short-term memory with unnecessary information.

Choose the best answer.

People understand that there are better ________ job prospects for them in the city. 

Urban development

(Sự phát triển đô thị)

1. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)

Nam: Hi, Mark!

Mark: Hi, Nam! Sorry I'm late. I got lost because your neighbourhood has changed a lot.

Nam: Yeah. It's been three years since your last visit. Anyway, do you want to go for a walk? I'll show you around.

Mark: Fresh air and a walk sound nice. Let's go!

Mark: Nam, there used to be a rice field opposite your house, right?

Nam: Exactly, Mark. But now they have built several high-rise buildings. The city is getting bigger and bigger.

Mark: Yes, more and more people want to live in urban areas nowadays. This is part of the process of urbanisation.

Nam: That's true. There are also new public parks and people can enjoy more leisure activities. In addition to the big shopping centre, there is a convenience store on every corner. And look at our new electric buses! Do you want to go for a ride?

Mark: Sure, Nam... Wow! The bus is so quiet and comfortable! It's the first time I've been on an electric bus. Getting around is probably becoming more and more convenient for local residents.

Nam: Not really. The more crowded the area becomes, the worse traffic jams get, especially during rush hour. The cost of living is also going up. These are the changes that I don't like.

Mark: That's true, Nam. I guess urbanisation can also cause problems.

5. Fill in each gap with failure, goods, recreational, infrastructure, industries or wages. Then listen and check.

(Điền vào các chỗ trống với failure, goods, recreational, infrastructure, industries or wages. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

Push factors: things that force people to leave rural areas

A. lack of _____ and jobs due to natural disasters

B. poor _____ and public services  

C crop _____ due to natural disasters

D. rural poverty and unemployment

Push factors: things that attract people to big cities

E. easy access to _____ and services

F. more jobs and higher _____

G. better housing and sanitation

H. endless options for _____ activities

6. Read the statements (1-8). Which of the push/pull factors (A-H) in Exercise 5 does each statement match?

(Đọc các phát biểu (1-8). Những yếu tố thúc đẩy và hấp dẫn nào (A-H) trong bài 5 đi với mỗi phát biểu.)

1. ___ "I prefer to live in a place with good shopping facilities where I can get the products I want."

2. ___ "My career options and earning potential are considerably better here."

3. ___ "Farming alone does not provide me with sufficient income to support my family."

4. ___ "There are many fun and interesting pursuits that I can enjoy in my spare time here."

5. ___ "There are limited healthcare facilities and poor transport connections in my area."

6. ___ "My accommodation is of high quality, and my neighbourhood is safe and clean."

7. ___ "There are no companies and very few career opportunities available to me here."

8. ___ "Extreme weather conditions can dramatically reduce my annual farming income."

7. Replace the adjectives in bold with their opposites from the list.

• lively • fresh • breathtaking • well-mannered • heavy • stressful • peaceful • spacious

1. Urban centres are _____ (quiet) places with lots of things to see and do, but they can also be quite _____ (relaxing) since they're so busy.

2. When we asked for directions to the city museum, the taxi driver was very _____ (rude).

3. Rural areas are often more _____ (crowded) than cities because there are fewer buildings.

4. Rural areas often have _____ (ordinary) views of mountains and lakes, and are usually more _____ (noisy) than cities.

5. One of the main benefits of living in the countryside is the _____ (polluted) air.

6. It could be time-consuming to travel city if there is in a busy _____ (light) traffic.

8. Use the adjectives in Exercise 7 to describe the places in the two photos. Tell your partner.

(Dùng các tính từ trong bài tập 7 để mô tả những địa điểm hai bức ảnh. Nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

 a) Fill in each gap with smog, commerce, management, transit, soaring or facilities. Then listen and check.

(Điền vào các chỗ trống với smog, commerce, management, transit, soaring or facilities. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

Rural migration, industrialisation and government policies are all factors that contribute to urbanisation. Are there good or bad aspects to urbanisation? Let's take a look.

Pros

• rapid 1) _____ systems available for convenient travel

• improved quality of education and higher salaries

• better access to medical 2) _____ 

• improved trade and 3) _____

Cons

• 4) _____ and poor air quality

• 5) _____ prices for homeowners

• creation of slums and poor areas.

• waste 6) _____ problems

 b) Can you think of other pros and cons to urbanisation?

(Bạn có thể nghĩ ra những lợi ích và mặt hạn chế khác của sự đô thị hóa không?)

1. Choose the correct answer. (Chọn đáp án đúng)

1. The air quality can be quite low in _____ areas due to smoke from their factories.

A. slum              B. high-rise     C. industrial    D. rural

2. _____ energy comes from plant and animal waste.

A. Geothermal                                          B. Solar

C. Hydroelectric                         D. Biomass

3. After having developed _____ in Spanish, Harry decided to go travelling in South America.

A. proficiency B. discipline    C. adaptability D. certification

4. Agricultural workers sometimes lose their income due to crop _____.

A. disaster       B. failure          C. crisis             D. pollution

5. Have you ever used an art _____ app before?

A. assistant      B. tracker         C. coach            D. generator

6. We won't run out of wind energy because is a(n) _____ source of electricity.

A. dependent                               B. renewable

C. affordable                                D. permanent

7. Eric doesn't enjoy the _____ of studying online. He prefers learning in a classroom.

A. flexibility    B. isolation      C. motivation  D. commuting

8. Mark wants to _____ on an online AI course.

A. attend          B. enrol             C. master          D. perform

9. Thanks to AI, chatbots _____ can with people.

A. browse                                     B. communicate

C. track                                          D. compose

10. Tom is a valued employee because he has good decision-_____ skills.

A. shooting      B. thinking       C. making         D. negotiating 

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the list.

(Hoàn thành các câu với các từ trong danh sách.)

• urbanisation • contribute • agriculture • deforestation • affordable • policy • opportunities • adequate

1. Many problems related to _____ in my village are a result of poor weather conditions and crop failure.

2. _____ is caused by many factors, including agricultural expansion and infrastructure development.

3. More job _____ are being created in rural areas as part of efforts to address rural migration.

4. According to this article, the lack of employment options and crop failure can _____ to rural migration these days. 5 Many people struggle to find _____ places to live in major cities.

6. A negative aspect of _____ is the deforestation of land to create space for infrastructure.

7. To achieve sustainable urban development, _____ infrastructure should be the first priority.

8. The city council implemented a new _____ to address the issues of rural migration in the city. 

2. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word.

(Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ từ đồng nghĩa với từ được gạch chân.)

1. When people cannot afford good housing, they are at risk of becoming slum dwellers.

A. construction                           B. accommodation

C. shelter                                       D. residence

2. The variety of leisure activities is one of the pull factors that bring people to cities.

A. recreational             B. agricultural              C. industrial    D. rural

Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word.

(Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ ra từ trái nghĩa với từ được gạch chân.)

3. The local council provides financial support to citizens who want to renovate their homes and make them more eco-friendly.

A. assemble     B. cut down     C. demolish     D. repair

4. Cities can offer residents endless options for entertainment.

A. limited         B. various         C. numerous   D. many 

3. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. People in the countryside have difficulty finding jobs because there are not enough _____.

A. industrial    B. industries   C. industry       D. industrialisation

2. Easy access to essential facilities is a(n) _____ of urban living.

A. convenient                              B. convenience            

C. inconvenient                          D. inconvenience

3. There has been a significant increase in _____ activity to urban areas, thanks to better job job opportunities.

A. migrant       B. migrate        C. migration    D. migratory

4. Megacities are the most _____ places on Earth with millions of inhabitants.

A. populous     B. populate      C. population  D. overpopulation 

4.  Write the correct forms of the words in brackets.

(Viết dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc vào chỗ trống.)

1. _____ happens when too many people are required to share the same space. (CROWD)

2. The city government is constructing a new high-rise building for _____ purposes. (RESIDENT)

3. Mike intends to pursue a career as a city _____ after graduating from university. (PLAN)

4. Thanks to the investment, there has been a noticeable _____ in local infrastructure here in the past year (IMPROVE)

5. It is _____ whether the new city hospital will be constructed next month. (DOUBT)

6. Many people from my village are _____ to Ho Chi Minh City in search of work (MIGRATION)

7. The clean air of the countryside is highly _____ to those who live in rural places. (BENEFIT)

8. The mayor plans to _____ the farmland outside the city centre to reduce population. (URBAN) 

Choose the best answer

Our national football team ________at SEA Games won the championship in 2018.

Choose the best answer

The World Cup is one of the _________events in the football games.

Choose the best answer.

Thousands were forced _______from rural to urban areas in search of work.

Choose the best answer

The living __________ in my town has been improved a lot.

Choose the best answer

My brother __________a well – paid job for a long time.

Choose the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined part.

My father is very progressive with the feminist movement.

Which word is the synonym of “high-paying”?

Choose the word or phrase that is CLOSEST meaning to the underlined part.

He's been jobless for the past six months.

A. can be trusted

B. changeable

C. can be seen

D. reasonable

Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

Urbanisation: pros and cons (Đô thị hóa: Ưu và nhược điểm)

1. a) Match the words in the two columns.

(Nối các từ trong hai cột.)

b) Fill in each gap with the phrases in Exercise 1a.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với các cụm từ ở bài tập 1a.)

1. Those living near industrial areas have to cope with _____.

2. Some people want to leave the big cities as they cannot afford the _____.

3. One of the reasons why many people go to the cities is that they have access to hospitals and other _____.

4. Slums and poor areas have to deal with a lack of clean drinking water and _____ problems.

5. The government is going to introduce new rapid _____ that will reduce traffic congestion.

6. _____ refer to the way people buy and sell goods.

Choose the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE meaning to the underlined part.

More and more people have discussed a wide-ranging topic.