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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
In recent years, vocational education and apprenticeships have emerged as valuable alternatives to traditional college education. This trend has come about as a result of increasing cost of college tuition, concerns about the relevance of certain degree programmes and the need for greater flexibility and personalised learning experiences.
One of the key advantages of vocational education is its emphasis on hands-on training. Unlike traditional college programmes that may have a more theoretical approach, vocational education focuses on practical skills that are directly applicable to specific fields. Students learn through real-world scenarios, simulations, and on-the-job training, allowing them to develop proficiency in their chosen trades. These programmes also cover a wide range of industries, including carpentry, plumbing, electrical work, automotive repair, culinary arts, healthcare, and more. This specialised training makes their graduates highly sought-after by employers who value practical skills and industry experience.
Apprenticeships, on the other hand, provide a unique combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training. Apprentices work under the guidance of experienced professionals or mentors, who have firsthand knowledge of the trade. This allows them to gain valuable insights, advice, and practical skills that are essential for success in the industry. These structured programmes, which integrate work experience with academic learning, offer a balanced approach to skill development.
Both vocational education and apprenticeships offer several benefits to individuals pursuing these alternative paths. Firstly, these programmes generally have shorter durations compared to traditional college degrees, allowing individuals to enter the workforce more quickly. This can be particularly advantageous for those who seek a faster route to employment or an earlier start to earning an income. Another upside is the potential for job placement and career advancement. Institutions offering vocational education and apprenticeships often have established relationships with industry partners. This enables students and apprentices to network and gain exposure to job opportunities that may not be readily available through other channels.
(Adapted from https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/pros-cons-vocational-education-training)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why vocational education and apprenticeships have gained popularity?
The increased preference for more freedom and choices.
The expectation that learning is tailored to personal needs.
The worry that college programs might be too outdated.
The increasing affordability of college education.
The word "personalised" in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ________.
popular
customised
limited
general
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
Graduates from these specialised programmes demand greatly from employers because of their practical skills and relevant experience.
Graduates from these specialised programmes are in great demand by employers for their practical skills and relevant experience.
Practical skills and relevant experience are sought after by both the graduates from these specialised programmes and employers.
Employers seeking practical skills and relevant experience demand greatly from those graduating from these specialised programmes.
The word "This" in paragraph 3 refers to ___________.
the instruction given in classrooms by professionals
the direct mentorship of experts in a specific trade
the on-the-job training provided by experienced mentors
the firsthand knowledge of a particular industry
Which of the following is TRUE about the advantages of vocational education and apprenticeship programmes?
They promise jobs with higher incomes than a college degree.
They take longer to complete than a college education.
They guarantee 100% chance of having a job after completion.
They allow people to take a shorter route to a paid job.
The word "advantageous" in the last paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to __________.
detrimental
encouraging
rewarding
productive
In which paragraph does the writer mention the career choices offered by vocational schools?
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
In which paragraph does the writer mention a training model where students can learn from seasoned experts in a certain industry?
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Youth Magazine - News brief
Back in October we asked teenagers: How do you (9)________ news? Nearly 300 responded, and almost all of them mentioned that their main source of current events is social media. Following are two most representative voices:
Like most teens, I spend way too much time on social media. My main source of news happens to be Facebook and Instagram. These online spaces are an interesting place to stay on (10)________ of latest events. But, I do see blatantly untrue posts, but instead of having them (11)________ , these platforms seem to promote anything viral and sensational. – Nam Nguyen, Ha Noi
I, along with many other young people, don't get my news from journals or news websites, but from social media. Much of the language in official channels like journals, mainstream newspapers is (12)________ inaccessible to teens that we find them very off-putting. So we opt for lighter reads on social media, (13)________ the news is bite-sized and more digestible. Also, a lot of information in journals is locked behind a paywall. However, (14)________ between true and false information on social media can be extremely difficult. - Ha Le, Ho Chi Minh City
(Adpated from https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/23/learning/teenagers-tell-us-about-their-relationship-with-news.html)
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The Internet in Viet Nam
Over the past 30 years, the Internet has changed the way people experience and create all media. Today, there are more than five (15)________ Internet users in the world, which is more than 60 per cent of the global population. Current news, information and entertainment are readily available through websites and can be easily (16)________ through search engines. The Internet has become the most exciting type of mass media.
In Viet Nam, there were 72.10 million Internet users in early 2022, which (17)________ 73.2 per cent of the total population.The number of social media users in Viet Nam was (18)________ to nearly 70 per cent of the total population. The number of Vietnamese on popular platforms was also impressive since it was reported that more than 70 million people used Facebook in Viet Nam and around 62 million Vietnamese were on YouTube. These users may not represent active or unique individuals (19)________ some people may not check or post to their social media platforms. Besides, some accounts can belong to businesses or groups. However, these numbers still strongly indicate that the Internet has become one of (20)________ popular types of mass media in Viet Nam today.
Read the following passage about urbanization and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Urbanization, the process of increasing urban population and the expansion of urban areas, is a significant global trend. (21)________ . As more and more people migrate to cities in search of opportunities, urban centers are growing at an unprecedented rate.
Urbanization can bring numerous benefits, such as economic growth, cultural exchange, and access to education and healthcare. (22)________ . Cities can serve as hubs of innovation, attracting talented individuals and fostering creativity.
However, rapid urbanization also presents challenges, including overcrowding, pollution, and social inequality. (23)________ . Inadequate infrastructure, such as transportation and sanitation systems, can strain urban resources.
To address these challenges, sustainable urban planning is essential. (24)________ . By creating green spaces, promoting public transportation, and investing in renewable energy, cities can reduce their environmental impact and improve the quality of life for their residents.
Ultimately, the success of urbanization depends on our ability to balance economic growth with social and environmental sustainability. (25)________ . By adopting sustainable practices and prioritizing the well-being of urban dwellers, we can shape cities that are both vibrant and resilient.
Read the following passage about a multicultural world and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
[I] In today’s interconnected world, multiculturalism has become increasingly prevalent as people from diverse cultural backgrounds live and work together in the same communities. [II] Multiculturalism fosters cultural diversity, promoting understanding and tolerance among individuals with different perspectives and traditions (Banks, 2015). [III] However, while multiculturalism brings many benefits, it also poses certain challenges that need to be addressed to achieve a harmonious society (Parekh, 2000). [IV]
One of the key benefits of multiculturalism is the enrichment of society through diverse perspectives. Different cultural backgrounds contribute unique ideas, art forms, and traditions, which can lead to a more vibrant and innovative community. For instance, diverse viewpoints in the workplace often drive creativity and lead to better problem-solving solutions. Additionally, exposure to various cultures can increase people's awareness and acceptance of others, thus reducing discrimination and promoting social cohesion.
However, a multicultural society is not without its challenges. Language barriers, for example, can hinder communication and understanding among individuals. Miscommunication due to language differences can lead to misunderstandings or even conflicts. Furthermore, people may feel divided by their cultural identities, which can create a sense of "us versus them." Some argue that without efforts to bridge cultural differences, multiculturalism might unintentionally lead to social fragmentation (Modood, 2007).
To foster a successful multicultural society, it is essential to promote inclusive policies and encourage intercultural dialogue. Schools and workplaces can play a significant role by celebrating diversity and teaching cultural understanding. When people actively engage with different cultures, they are more likely to find common ground and develop mutual respect, which helps create a stronger, more unified community (Berry, 2011).
(Adapted from Multiculturalism in Society by Banks, Parekh, and others)
Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
People today can access a wider range of cultural experiences than ever before.
[I]
[II]
[III]
[IV]
The phrase "social cohesion" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.
social conflict
social unity
cultural diversity
cultural competition
The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
schools
workplaces
people
policies
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an advantage of multiculturalism?
Enhanced creativity.
Increased awareness of other cultures.
Encouragement of discrimination.
Better problem-solving skills.
Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
Multiculturalism strengthens communication and understanding without any challenges.
Multiculturalism creates a divide in society, making communication difficult.
Multiculturalism faces language and identity barriers that may lead to social fragmentation.
Multiculturalism allows seamless interaction across cultural and language differences.
The word "fragmentation" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.
unity
division
cooperation
similarity
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A multicultural society guarantees equal understanding among all cultural groups.
Language differences in multicultural societies can sometimes cause misunderstandings.
Schools should avoid addressing cultural differences to maintain harmony.
Multiculturalism leads to isolation rather than promoting social connections.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
People engaging with different cultures can lessen cultural respect.
Schools and workplaces should limit exposure to diverse cultures.
Experiencing various cultures increases understanding and strengthens communities.
Multicultural societies struggle with finding mutual understanding among people.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Multiculturalism eliminates all societal conflicts by promoting tolerance.
Without inclusive efforts, multicultural societies may experience social divides.
Multicultural societies lack creativity and diversity in problem-solving.
Multiculturalism hinders personal identity formation in most communities.
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
Multiculturalism enhances society by bringing diversity and creativity, though it requires proactive measures to address language and identity challenges.
Multiculturalism complicates communication and brings little benefit to modern society.
Multiculturalism limits individuals' understanding of other cultures and increases social tension.
A multicultural society promotes complete unity and eliminates social barriers.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
a. Nice to meet you, Trang. Hoang has told me a lot about you and how chatting with you has really
helped his English.
b. For sure! My English has improved a ton from our chats.
c. Nam, this is Trang, my cousin. She's a Vietnamese American. She's visiting us during her summer
holiday.
d. Great to meet you, Hoang! Thanks, I appreciate it.
a – c – d – b
d – a – b – c
b – a – c – d
c – a – d – b
a. Thank you for understanding. I hope it can be resolved soon.
b. I understand your frustration, and I apologise for that inconvenience. We've received several similar complaints recently.
c. We'll address the issue as quickly as possible and keep you updated on any progress.
d. Excuse me. I want to complain about the noise coming from the construction site next door. It's been keeping me up at night.
d – b – a – c
c – a – b – d
b – a – d – c
a – b – c – d
a. Besides, they will have to take part in community services that help clean up the local beaches.
b. Therefore, anyone littering in public areas will be severely fined from 20 USD to 150 USD.
c. The locals are legally responsible for keeping their neighborhood clean and neat.
d. To promote the local tourism, the local government has passed practical laws related to the environment.
e. The clean beaches will help improve the quality of life and attract more tourists.
e – a – d – b – c
c – b – a – d – e
d – a – e – c – b
d – c – b – a – e
a. People who leave their hometowns want to look for better job opportunities.
b. In short, the root cause is unemployment, which could be solved if there were more businesses in the country.
c. One of the most effective solutions to city overpopulation includes preventing rural migration.
d. To work out the solution, the cause of rural migration should be understood properly.
e. Therefore, if there were enough job opportunities in the countryside, few people would leave for big cities.
a – c – d – b – e
c – d – a – b – e
c – d – a – e – b
e – d – a – c – b
Dear Minh Anh,
a. These positive changes are greatly improving the health and well-being of the local residents.
b. Recently, new health clinics have been established, providing better access to medical services for remote communities.
c. It's wonderful to see such progress in ensuring everyone has access to quality healthcare.
d. Additionally, mobile health units are now travelling to these areas, ensuring that people receive
regular check-ups and treatments.
e. I hope this email finds you well as I want to share some exciting news about improvements in
healthcare systems in our home town.
Have there been any changes in your home town recently? I'd love to hear about them.
Best regards,
Bao Minh
d – e – a – b – c
b – e – d – c – a
e – b – d – a – c
c – d – b – a – e
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